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Another important site of histamine storage and release is the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell of the stomach. The most important pathophysiologic mechanism of mast cell and basophil histamine release is immunologic. These cells, if sensitized by IgE antibodies attached to their membranes, degranulate when exposed to the appropriate antigen.
Mast cell stabilizers inhibit the release of allergic and inflammatory mediators, helping to prevent and treat allergic conditions. They work by blocking a calcium channel which is essential for mast cell degranulation , [ 21 ] inhibiting the release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells.
Histamine release in the brain triggers secondary release of excitatory neurotransmitters such as glutamate and acetylcholine via stimulation of H 1 receptors in the cerebral cortex. Consequently, unlike the H 1 -antihistamines which are sedating, H 3 -antihistamines have stimulant and cognition-modulating effects.
Histamine is a weak base (a compound able to react with a hydrogen ion to form an acid) that can link with acid groups within the granules of the mast cells. [8] The mechanism of the displacement theory. The crux of this theory lies in the assumption that histamine liberators release histamine by displacing it from cells.
Histamine can cause bladder inflammation and contribute to the symptoms of such bladder diseases as cystitis (inflammation of the bladder) or painful bladder disease. Histamine binds to H 2 receptors in the bladder smooth muscle, leading to relaxation [contradictory] of the bladder muscle and promotion of urine storage. Histamine does not seem ...
Mast cell stabilizers are medications used to prevent or treat certain allergic disorders. They block mast cell degranulation, stabilizing the cell and thereby preventing the release of histamine and related mediators. One suspected pharmacodynamic mechanism is the blocking of IgE-regulated calcium channels. Without intracellular calcium, the ...
Pain is due to the release of chemicals such as bradykinin and histamine that stimulate nerve endings. [15] Acute inflammation of the lung (usually in response to pneumonia) does not cause pain unless the inflammation involves the parietal pleura, which does have pain-sensitive nerve endings. [15]
Patch testing is a method used to determine if a specific substance causes allergic inflammation of the skin. It tests for delayed reactions. It is used to help ascertain the cause of skin contact allergy or contact dermatitis. Adhesive patches, usually treated with several common allergic chemicals or skin sensitizers, are applied to the back.