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GSSHA (Gridded Surface/Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis) [1] is a two-dimensional, physically based watershed model developed by the Engineer Research and Development Center of the United States Army Corps of Engineers. It simulates surface water and groundwater hydrology, erosion and sediment transport.
A model of the watershed is constructed by separating the water cycle into manageable pieces and constructing boundaries around the watershed of interest. Any mass or energy flux in the cycle can then be represented with a mathematical model. In most cases, several model choices are available for representing each flux.
The models were created with the software Surface-Modeling System (SMS) of Aquaveo LLC" (Gerstner, Belzner, and Thorenz, 976). [ 17 ] This article "describes the mathematical formulation, numerical implementation, and input specifications of rubble mound structures in the Coastal Modeling System (CMS) operated through the Surface-water Modeling ...
In the study of image processing, a watershed is a transformation defined on a grayscale image. The name refers metaphorically to a geological watershed , or drainage divide, which separates adjacent drainage basins .
Watershed delineation is the process of identifying the boundary of a watershed, also referred to as a catchment, drainage basin, or river basin.It is an important step in many areas of environmental science, engineering, and management, for example to study flooding, aquatic habitat, or water pollution.
SWAT is a continuous time model that operates on a daily time step at basin scale. The objective of such a model is to predict the long-term impacts in large basins of management and also timing of agricultural practices within a year (i.e., crop rotations, planting and harvest dates, irrigation, fertilizer, and pesticide application rates and timing).
This type of model would be considered a “lag convolution”, because of the predicting of the “lag time” as water moves through the watershed using this method of modeling. Time-series analysis is used to characterize temporal correlation within a data series as well as between different time series.
Another early model that integrated many submodels for basin chemical hydrology was the Stanford Watershed Model (SWM). [10] The SWMM (Storm Water Management Model), the HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program – FORTRAN) and other modern American derivatives are successors to this early work.