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Leroy Hood won the 2011 Fritz J. and Dolores H. Russ Prize "for automating DNA sequencing that revolutionized biomedicine and forensic science"; [143] the 2011 National Medal of Science, presented at a White House ceremony by President Obama in early 2013; [144] the IEEE Medal for Innovations in Healthcare Technology in 2014, [9] and the 2016 ...
Common challenges of DNA sequencing with the Sanger method include poor quality in the first 15–40 bases of the sequence due to primer binding and deteriorating quality of sequencing traces after 700–900 bases. Base calling software such as Phred typically provides an estimate of quality to aid in trimming of low-quality regions of sequences.
BGI did the genome sequencing for the deadly 2011 Germany E. coli O104:H4 outbreak in three days and released it under an open license. [31] Since 2012, it has started to commercialize its services, having investments from China Life Insurance Company, CITIC Group's Goldstone Investment, Jack Ma's Yunfeng Capital, and SoftBank China Capital. [32]
In 2021, scientists reported sequencing a complete, female genome (i.e., without the Y chromosome). [4] [3] The human Y chromosome, consisting of 62,460,029 base pairs from a different cell line and found in all males, was sequenced completely in January 2022. [5] The current version of the standard reference genome is called GRCh38.p14 (July ...
The complete sequencing of a human Y chromosome was shown to contain 62,460,029 base pairs and 41 additional genes. [56] This added 30 million base pairs, [ 56 ] but it was discovered that the Y chromosome can vary a lot in size between individuals, from 45.2 million to 84.9 million base pairs.
Sequencing technology platforms commonly used for RNA-Seq [77] [78] Platform Commercial release Typical read length Maximum throughput per run Single read accuracy RNA-Seq runs deposited in the NCBI SRA (Oct 2016) [79] 454 Life Sciences: 2005 700 bp 0.7 Gbp 99.9% 3548 Illumina: 2006 50–300 bp 900 Gbp 99.9% 362903 SOLiD: 2008 50 bp 320 Gbp 99. ...
This design is very different from that of Sanger sequencing—also known as capillary sequencing or first-generation sequencing—which is based on electrophoretic separation of chain-termination products produced in individual sequencing reactions. [6] This methodology allows sequencing to be completed on a larger scale. [7]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the first eukaryotic organism to have its complete genome sequence determined.. This list of "sequenced" eukaryotic genomes contains all the eukaryotes known to have publicly available complete nuclear and organelle genome sequences that have been sequenced, assembled, annotated and published; draft genomes are not included, nor are organelle-only sequences.