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Thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, anaemia, hypotension and secondary malignancies. Ipilimumab: IV: CTLA4 antibody that causes immune system-mediated lysis of the tagged cell: Unresectable or metastatic malignant melanoma. Life-threatening immune mediated reactions and fever. Nivolumab: IV
Medications that can cause leukopenia include clozapine, an antipsychotic medication with a rare adverse effect leading to the total absence of all granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils). Minocycline , a commonly prescribed antibiotic, is another drug known to cause leukopenia.
Toxic vacuolation is associated with sepsis, particularly when accompanied by toxic granulation. [4] The finding is also associated with bacterial infection, [3] alcohol toxicity, liver failure, [4] and treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, a cytokine drug used to increase the absolute neutrophil count in patients with neutropenia.
Neutropenia itself is a rare entity, but can be clinically common in oncology [35] and immunocompromised individuals as a result of chemotherapy (drug-induced neutropenia). Additionally, acute neutropenia can be commonly seen from people recovering from a viral infection or in a post-viral state.
The causes of monocytopenia include: acute infections, stress, treatment with glucocorticoids, aplastic anemia, hairy cell leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, treatment with myelotoxic drugs, intestinal resection, and genetic syndromes, as for example MonoMAC syndrome. [3]
Agranulocytosis, also known as agranulosis or granulopenia, is an acute condition involving a severe and dangerous lowered white blood cell count (leukopenia, most commonly of neutrophils) and thus causing neutropenia in the circulating blood. [1] It is a severe lack of one major class of infection-fighting white blood cells.
The Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) first approved filgrastim on February 20, 1991 marketed by Amgen with the brand name Neupogen. [30] It was innitially approved to reduce the risk of infection in patients with non-myeloid malignancies who are taking myelosuppressive anti-cancer drugs associated with febrile neutropenia with fever. [30]
Efbemalenograstim alfa can cause fatal splenic rupture, acute respiratory distress syndrome, serious allergic reactions including anaphylaxis, sickle cell crises in patients with sickle cell disorders, glomerulonephritis, thrombocytopenia, capillary leak syndrome, and myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia in people with breast and lung cancer.
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