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  2. Osmosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis

    The process of osmosis over a semipermeable membrane.The blue dots represent particles driving the osmotic gradient. Osmosis (/ ɒ z ˈ m oʊ s ɪ s /, US also / ɒ s-/) [1] is the spontaneous net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively-permeable membrane from a region of high water potential (region of lower solute concentration) to a region of low water potential ...

  3. Osmoregulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoregulation

    Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution which in this case is represented by body fluid) to keep the body fluids from becoming too diluted or concentrated.

  4. Gastrointestinal physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_physiology

    The arrangement of these proteins on the apical and basolateral sides of the epithelium determines the net movement of ions and water in the tract. H + and Cl − are secreted by the parietal cells into the lumen of the stomach creating acidic conditions with a low pH of 1. H + is pumped into the stomach by exchanging it with K +.

  5. Human digestive system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_digestive_system

    The stomach is a distensible organ and can normally expand to hold about one litre of food. [22] This expansion is enabled by a series of gastric folds in the inner walls of the stomach. The stomach of a newborn baby will only be able to expand to retain about 30 ml.

  6. Kwashiorkor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwashiorkor

    The extreme lack of protein causes an osmotic imbalance in the gastrointestinal system causing swelling of the gut diagnosed as an edema or retention of water. [ 7 ] Extreme fluid retention observed in individuals suffering from kwashiorkor is accompanied by irregularities in the lymphatic system as well as disruptions of capillary exchange.

  7. Osmotrophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmotrophy

    In other words, an osmotroph is an organism that has their "stomach" outside of their body. Some osmotrophs may have an internal digestive system, while still using osmosis as a way to gain supplemental nutrients. With bigger organisms, the surface-area-per-volume ratio drops and osmotrophy becomes insufficient to meet nutrient demands. Larger ...

  8. Digestion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestion

    Acidity in the stomach is not buffered by food at this point and thus acts to inhibit parietal (secretes acid) and G cell (secretes gastrin) activity via D cell secretion of somatostatin. The gastric phase takes 3 to 4 hours. It is stimulated by distension of the stomach, presence of food in stomach and decrease in pH. Distention activates long ...

  9. Gastrointestinal tract - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract

    Whilst the muscularis externa is similar throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract, an exception is the stomach which has an additional inner oblique muscular layer to aid with grinding and mixing of food. The muscularis externa of the stomach is composed of the inner oblique layer, middle circular layer, and the outer longitudinal layer.