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The Permian (/ ˈ p ɜːr m i. ə n / PUR-mee-ən) [4] is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period 298.9 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.902 Mya.
The Permian began with the Carboniferous flora still flourishing. About the middle of the Permian there was a major transition in vegetation. The swamp-loving lycopod trees of the Carboniferous, such as Lepidodendron and Sigillaria , were replaced by the more advanced conifers, which were better adapted to the changing climatic conditions.
c. 270 Ma – Gorgonopsians, the apex predators of the Late Permian, first evolve. c. 251.9 Ma – Permian mass extinction. End of Permian Period and of the Palaeozoic Era. Beginning of Triassic Period, the Mesozoic era and of the age of the dinosaurs.
Reptiles were becoming common during the Permian. [41] Texas was also home to the pelycosaurs Dimetrodon and Edaphosaurus. [40] Late in the Permian therapsids became the dominant large-bodied terrestrial vertebrates. These were the precursors of mammals. [42] The Permian ended with the most destructive mass extinction in all of Earth's history.
Permian–Triassic boundary at Frazer Beach in New South Wales, with the End Permian extinction event located just above the coal layer [2]. Approximately 251.9 million years ago, the Permian–Triassic (P–T, P–Tr) extinction event (PTME; also known as the Late Permian extinction event, [3] the Latest Permian extinction event, [4] the End-Permian extinction event, [5] [6] and colloquially ...
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The Carboniferous (/ ˌ k ɑːr b ə ˈ n ɪ f ər ə s / KAR-bə-NIF-ər-əs) [6] is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era that spans 60 million years, from the end of the Devonian Period 358.86 Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Permian Period, 298.9 Ma.
Nov. 24—Starting with a model of the Texas economy when he was a young professor at Baylor University, economist Ray Perryman of Odessa built a global system that lets him analyze thousands of ...