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It found that of the 21 drugs with the highest therapeutic impact on society introduced between 1965 and 1992, public funding was "instrumental" for 15. [34] As of 2011 NIH-supported research helped to discover 153 new FDA-approved drugs, vaccines, and new indications for drugs in the 40 years prior. [35]
NIH deputy director [10] [11] 13 Bernadine Healy: April 8, 1991 - June 30, 1993 George H.W. Bush – Ruth L. Kirschstein: July 1, 1993 - November 22, 1993 Donna Shalala: NIH deputy director 14 Harold E. Varmus: November 23, 1993 - December 31, 1999 Bill Clinton – Ruth L. Kirschstein: January 1, 2000 - May 2, 2002 Donna Shalala: NIH deputy ...
It is the first to reach Europe and North America. Like in the first one, fatalities reach six figures. [17] Cholera: India, western and eastern Asia, Europe, Americas. 1847: Crisis: The 1847 North American typhus epidemic occurs.
In 2016, NIHR commissioned the independent RAND Europe think tank and the Policy Institute at King's College London to collate and synthesise 100 examples of positive change arising from NIHR's support of health and care research in its first 10 years. [89]
The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD 500), the Middle Ages (AD 500–1500), and the modern era (since AD 1500). The first early European modern humans appear in the fossil record about 48,000 years ago, during the Paleolithic era.
European exploration brought hospitals to colonies in North America, Africa, and Asia. St Bartholomew's hospital in West Smithfield in London, founded in 1123, is widely considered the oldest functioning hospital today. Originally a charitable institution, currently an NHS hospital it continues to provide free care to Londoners, as it has for ...
In Philadelphia, the Medical College of Philadelphia was founded in 1765, and became affiliated with the university in 1791. In New York, the medical department of King's College was established in 1767, and in 1770, awarded the first American M.D. degree. [13] Smallpox inoculation was introduced 1716–1766, well before it was accepted in Europe.
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) is one of 27 institutes and centers that make up the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The NIH, in turn, is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and health-related research.