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Caesarean section, also known as C-section, cesarean, or caesarean delivery, is the surgical procedure by which one or more babies are delivered through an incision in the mother's abdomen. It is often performed because vaginal delivery would put the mother or child at risk (of paralysis or even death). [ 2 ]
Vaginal delivery is generally recommended as a first option. Cesarean section can lead to increased risk of complications and a significantly slower recovery. There are also many natural benefits of a vaginal delivery in both mother and baby. Various methods may help with pain, such as relaxation techniques, opioids, and spinal blocks. [15]
They usually result in Cesarean sections because it is more difficult to deliver the baby through the birth canal and there is a lack of expertise in vaginal breech delivery and therefore fewer vaginal breech deliveries performed. It is also associated with cord prolapse and an elevated risk for birth defects in breech babies. [31]
Some have suggested, due to the comparative risks of Caesarean section with an uncomplicated vaginal delivery, women should be discouraged or forbidden from choosing it. [ 14 ] Some 42% of obstetricians [ clarification needed ] believe the media and women are responsible for the rising Caesarean section rates. [ 15 ]
[1] [6] Risk factors include caesarean section (C-section), the presence of certain bacteria such as group B streptococcus in the vagina, premature rupture of membranes, multiple vaginal exams, manual removal of the placenta, and prolonged labour among others. [1] [2] Most infections involve a number of types of bacteria. [1]
Conversely, if the fetus has reached the point of viability, a prompt birth via Caesarean section offers the best chance of survival. [4] Even if there is no reasonable prospect of maternal resuscitation (for example, after a nonsurvivable injury or prolonged cardiac arrest), the procedure can still serve this purpose.
Although fetal delivery through caesarean section is a very common surgery done in the world, it comes with several risks including bleeding, infection, thromboembolism, and soft-tissue injury. During a caesarean section, a hysterotomy is utilized to make an incision in the uterus and remove the fetus. [8]
A caesarean section leaves a scar in the wall of the uterus which is considered weaker than the normal uterine wall. A VBAC carries a risk of uterine rupture of 22–74/10,000. Slightly lower risk of uterine rupture in women undergoing ERCS (i.e. a section before the onset of labour). [1]