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An ingrown nail, also known as onychocryptosis (from Greek: ὄνυξ (onyx) 'nail' and κρυπτός (kryptos) 'hidden') is a common form of nail disease.It is an often painful condition in which the nail grows so that it cuts into one or both sides of the paronychium or nail bed.
A nail disease or onychosis is a disease or deformity of the nail.Although the nail is a structure produced by the skin and is a skin appendage, nail diseases have a distinct classification as they have their own signs and symptoms which may relate to other medical conditions.
Onychauxis presents with thickened nails without deformity, and this simple thickening may be the result of trauma, acromegaly, Darier's disease, psoriasis, or pityriasis rubra pilaris, or, in some cases, hereditary. [1]: 783 [2] It may appear as loss of nail palate translucency, discoloration, and subungual hyperkeratosis.
The basis of laser treatment is to try to heat the nail bed to these temperatures in order to disrupt fungal growth. [49] As of 2013 research into laser treatment seemed promising. [ 2 ] There is also ongoing development in photodynamic therapy , which uses laser or LED light to activate photosensitisers that eradicate fungi.
Nail psoriasis can affect the fingernails and toenails. It may cause thickening of the nails with areas of pitting, ridges, irregular contour, and even raising of the nail from the nail bed. [16] Squamous-cell carcinoma is mainly cancer of the skin, but can also affect the nail bed. It is a rare malignant subungual tumor subject to misdiagnosis ...
Onychomadesis is a periodic idiopathic shedding of the nails beginning at the proximal end, possibly caused by the temporary arrest of the function of the nail matrix. [ 1 ] : 784 [ 2 ] : 660 One cause in children is hand, foot, and mouth disease . [ 3 ]
Dermoid cysts develop during pregnancy. They occur when skin cells and things like hair, sweat glands, oil glands or fatty tissue get trapped in the skin as a baby grows in the womb. Dermoid cysts are present at birth (congenital) and are common. It can be months or years before a dermoid cyst is noticed on a child because the cysts grow slowly.
Koilonychia, also known as spoon nails, [1]: 782 is a nail disease that can be a sign of hypochromic anemia, especially iron-deficiency anemia. [ 2 ] : 656 [ 3 ] It refers to abnormally thin nails (usually of the hand) which have lost their convexity, becoming flat or even concave in shape.