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  2. Macadam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macadam

    A more durable road surface (modern mixed asphalt pavement), sometimes referred to in the U.S. as blacktop, was introduced in the 1920s. Instead of laying the stone and sand aggregates on the road and then spraying the top surface with binding material, in the asphalt paving method the aggregates are thoroughly mixed with the binding material ...

  3. John Loudon McAdam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam

    John Loudon McAdam, 1830, National Gallery, London. John Loudon McAdam (23 September 1756 [1] – 26 November 1836) was a Scottish civil engineer and road-builder. He invented a new process, "macadamisation", for building roads with a smooth hard surface, using controlled materials of mixed particle size and predetermined structure, that would be more durable and less muddy than soil-based tracks.

  4. Asphalt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt

    Asphalt most often refers to: Bitumen , also known as "liquid asphalt cement" or simply "asphalt", a viscous form of petroleum mainly used as a binder in asphalt concrete Asphalt concrete , a mixture of bitumen with coarse and fine aggregates, used as a road surface

  5. Edward de Smedt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_De_Smedt

    Edward Joseph de Smedt was a Belgian-American inventor of asphalt concrete.. De Smedt developed his asphalt paving material in 1870 at Columbia University and filed the patents for "Improvement in laying asphalfc or concrete pavements or roads" (US 103581 , [1] US 103582 [2]), protecting a process of surfacing a packed sand road with one or more layers of premixed, heated asphalt and sand, in ...

  6. Asphalt concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt_concrete

    Asphalt batch mix plant A machine laying asphalt concrete, fed from a dump truck. Asphalt concrete (commonly called asphalt, [1] blacktop, or pavement in North America, and tarmac or bitumen macadam in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland) is a composite material commonly used to surface roads, parking lots, airports, and the core of embankment dams. [2]

  7. Tarmacadam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarmacadam

    It is a more durable and dust-free enhancement of simple compacted stone macadam surfaces invented by Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam in the early 19th century. The terms "tarmacadam" and tarmac are also used for a variety of other materials, including tar-grouted macadam, bituminous surface treatments and modern asphalt concrete.

  8. Asphalt shingle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt_shingle

    Asphalt shingles on a home in Avalon, New Jersey. Two types of base materials are used to make asphalt shingles, organic and fiberglass.Both are made in a similar manner, with an asphalt-saturated base covered on one or both sides with asphalt or modified-asphalt, the exposed surface impregnated with slate, schist, quartz, vitrified brick, stone, [6] or ceramic granules, and the under-side ...

  9. Bitumen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitumen

    Mastic asphalt is a type of asphalt that differs from dense graded asphalt (asphalt concrete) in that it has a higher bitumen content, usually around 7–10% of the whole aggregate mix, as opposed to rolled asphalt concrete, which has only around 5% asphalt. This thermoplastic substance is widely used in the building industry for waterproofing ...