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  2. Echopraxia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echopraxia

    Echopraxia is a typical symptom of Tourette syndrome but causes are not well elucidated. [1]Frontal lobe animation. One theoretical cause subject to ongoing debate surrounds the role of the mirror neuron system (MNS), a group of neurons in the inferior frontal gyrus (F5 region) of the brain that may influence imitative behaviors, [1] but no widely accepted neural or computational models have ...

  3. Tic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tic

    Motor tics are movement-based tics affecting discrete muscle groups. [4]Phonic tics are involuntary sounds produced by moving air through the nose, mouth, or throat. They may be alternately referred to as verbal tics or vocal tics, but most diagnosticians prefer the term phonic tics to reflect the notion that the vocal cords are not involved in all tics that produce sound.

  4. Bruxism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruxism

    Bruxism is excessive teeth grinding or jaw clenching. It is an oral parafunctional activity; [1] i.e., it is unrelated to normal function such as eating or talking. Bruxism is a common behavior; the global prevalence of bruxism (both sleep and awake) is 22.22%. [2]

  5. Stuttering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuttering

    Stuttering, also known as stammering, is a speech disorder characterized externally by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words, or phrases as well as involuntary silent pauses called blocks in which the person who stutters is unable to produce sounds.

  6. List of mass panic cases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mass_panic_cases

    Monkey-man of Delhi (2001) – Rumors about a hairy monkey-looking monster attacking people in Delhi in India led to the deaths of several panicked people who fell from roofs or stairwells while fleeing what they thought was the monster. North Carolina (2002) – Ten girls developed seizures and other symptoms at a rural North Carolinian high ...

  7. Pseudobulbar affect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudobulbar_affect

    It is therefore critical for families and caregivers to recognize the pathological nature of PBA and the reassurance that this is an involuntary syndrome that is manageable. Traditionally, antidepressants such as sertraline , [ 42 ] fluoxetine , [ 43 ] citalopram , [ 44 ] nortriptyline [ 45 ] and amitriptyline [ 46 ] have been prescribed with ...

  8. Psychomotor agitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychomotor_agitation

    As explained in a 2008 study, in people with mood disorders there is a dynamic link between their mood and the way they move. [6] People showing signs of psychomotor agitation may be experiencing mental tension and anxiety, which comes out physically as: fast or repetitive movements; movements that have no purpose; movements that are not ...

  9. Klazomania - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klazomania

    The shouting can be accompanied by other symptoms, such as oculogyric crises or other involuntary movements. [2] The presentation of klazomania has been compared to temporal lobe epilepsy , although the two can be distinguished by the duration of the attack and the fact that the patient experiencing klazomania appears to retain consciousness.