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Chess puzzles can also be regular positions from actual games, usually meant as tactical training positions. They can range from a simple "Mate in one" combination to a complex attack on the enemy king. Solving tactical chess puzzles is a very common chess teaching technique. They are helpful in pattern recognition.
For example, in a directmate, set play consists of lines of play starting with a Black move (rather than a White move). When set play exists, the key move may be something that does not change the set play lines, in which case the problem is a complete block, or the lines in the set play may change, in which case the problem is a mutate.
Richard Réti. The Réti endgame study is a chess endgame study by Richard Réti.It was published in 1921 in Kagans Neueste Schachnachrichten.It demonstrates how a king can make multiple threats and how it can take more than one path to a given location, using the same number of moves.
Plaskett's Puzzle is a chess endgame study created by the Dutch endgame composer Gijs van Breukelen (February 27, 1946 – December 21, 2022) around 1970, although not published at the time. Van Breukelen published the puzzle in 1990 in the Netherlands chess magazine Schakend Nederland .
This play setup is without the bannermen pieces, which are optional. The three kingdoms Wèi (魏), Shǔ (蜀), and Wú (吳) are represented by colors blue, red, and green, respectively. Each player controls all the standard xiangqi pieces , with each general represented by the letter of its respective kingdom.
The game is played by two players called the angel and the devil. It is played on an infinite chessboard (or equivalently the points of a 2D lattice). The angel has a power k (a natural number 1 or higher), specified before the game starts. The board starts empty with the angel in one square.
Persian chess masters composed many shatranj problems. Such shatranj problems were called manṣūba مَنصوبة (pl. manṣūbāt), منصوبات. This word can be translated from Arabic as "arrangement", "position" or "situation". Mansubat were typically composed in such a way that a win could be achieved as a sequence of checks.
The study has been widely reproduced, and in Test Tube Chess, John Roycroft calls it "unquestionably the most famous of all endgame studies". It has inspired many other composers: the many promotions in the studies of Harold Lommer , for example, were inspired by the Saavedra position.