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New models of the structure of the atom led to developments in theories of chemistry and the development of new materials such as nylon and plastics. Advances in biology led to large increases in food production, as well as the elimination of diseases such as polio. A massive amount of new technologies were developed in the 20th century.
Merton believed that it is multiple discoveries, rather than unique ones, that represent the common pattern in science. [4] Merton contrasted a "multiple" with a "singleton"—a discovery that has been made uniquely by a single scientist or group of scientists working together. [5] The distinction may blur as science becomes increasingly ...
The new drug, ISM3312, is developed by Insilico Medicine. [389] A new AI algorithm developed by Baidu is shown to boost the antibody response of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines by 128 times. [390] AI is used to develop an experimental antibiotic called abaucin, which is shown to be effective against A. baumannii. [391] [392] AI is used to find ...
However, it did not unify all of biology, omitting sciences such as developmental biology Main article: Modern synthesis (20th century) The modern synthesis was the widely accepted early-20th-century synthesis reconciling Charles Darwin 's theory of evolution by natural selection and Gregor Mendel 's theory of genetics in a joint mathematical ...
A new view of nature emerged, replacing the Greek view that had dominated science for almost 2,000 years. Science became an autonomous discipline, distinct from both philosophy and technology, and came to be regarded as having utilitarian goals. [14] Portrait of Galileo Galilei by Leoni Astronomia Nova by Johannes Kepler (1609)
Multiple discoveries in the history of science provide evidence for evolutionary models of science and technology, such as memetics (the study of self-replicating units of culture), evolutionary epistemology (which applies the concepts of biological evolution to study of the growth of human knowledge), and cultural selection theory (which studies sociological and cultural evolution in a ...
As with Haldane and Fisher, Dobzhansky's "evolutionary genetics" [59] was a genuine science, now unifying cell biology, genetics, and both micro and macroevolution. [44] His work emphasized that real-world populations had far more genetic variability than the early population geneticists had assumed in their models and that genetically distinct ...
With the government and industrial funding of geological research, more individuals undertook study of geology as technology and techniques improved, leading to the expansion of the field of the science. [14] In the 19th century, geological inquiry had estimated the age of the Earth in terms of millions of years.