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Eliminate mouth breathing and open-mouth posture; Improve nasal breathing patterns; Reinforce and establish a resting posture of the tongue away from the teeth, against the hard palate; Establish appropriate oral, lingual, and facial muscle patterns that promote correct gestures for chewing and eating
Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) is an uncommon focal neurological condition affecting the jaws, face, and mouth. [1] Oromandibular dystonia is characterized by involuntary spasms of the tongue, jaw, and mouth muscles that result in bruxism , or grinding of the teeth , and jaw closure.
These may include the thick muscle in the cheek that closes the jaw (masseter muscle) and the broad muscle that draws back the lower jaw and closes the mouth (temporalis muscle). Some patients may also experience involuntary contractions of the wide muscle at the side of the neck (platysmal muscle). This muscle draws down the corner of the ...
Eagle syndrome (also termed stylohyoid syndrome, [1] styloid syndrome, [2] stylalgia, [3] styloid-stylohyoid syndrome, [2] or styloid–carotid artery syndrome) [4] is an uncommon condition commonly characterized but not limited to sudden, sharp nerve-like pain in the jaw bone and joint, back of the throat, and base of the tongue, triggered by swallowing, moving the jaw, or turning the neck. [1]
In humans, the mandible, or lower jaw, is connected to the temporal bone of the skull via the temporomandibular joint. This is an extremely complex joint which permits movement in all planes. The muscles of mastication originate on the skull and insert into the mandible, thereby allowing for jaw movements during contraction.
The jaw deviates to the affected side during opening, [20] and restricted mouth opening usually signifies that both TMJs are involved, but severe trismus rarely occurs. If the greatest reduction in movement occurs upon waking then this may indicate that there is concomitant sleep bruxism.
The jaw thrust is a technique used on patients with a suspected or possible cervical spinal cord injury and is used on a supine patient. The practitioner uses their index and middle fingers to physically pull the posterior (back) of the mandible towards the ceiling, while their thumbs open the mouth. [16] [17]
Note that in this mouth the lower wisdom teeth have been removed, slightly changing the shape of the pterygomandibular ligaments that usually curve and attach to the mandible around them. The pterygomandibular raphe is a tendinous band [2] [3] formed by the buccopharyngeal fascia. It is a paired structure, with one on each side of the mouth. [3]