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Chemical structure of cocaine. The biosynthesis of cocaine has long attracted the attention of biochemists and organic chemists. This interest is partly motivated by the strong physiological effects of cocaine, but a further incentive was the unusual bicyclic structure of the molecule. The biosynthesis can be viewed as occurring in two phases ...
Two studies [18] [19] have shown that an increase in dendritic spine density due to cocaine exposure facilitates behavioral sensitization, while two other studies [20] [21] produce contradicting evidence. In response to drugs of abuse, structural changes can be observed in the size of neurons [22] and the shape and number of the synapses ...
It was also found that the H3 acetylation induced by cocaine increased Sirt1 in the nucleus accumbens. Thus, repeated cocaine use causes an increase in both Sirt1 and Sirt2. Scientists were then interested in determining how increased Sirt1 and Sirt2 affected nuclear volume because it has been previously shown that repeated cocaine use does so ...
These chemicals inhibit the action of DAT and, to a lesser extent, the other monoamine transporters, but their effects are mediated by separate mechanisms. Monoamine transporters are established targets for many pharmacological agents that affect brain function, including the psychostimulants cocaine and amphetamine. Cocaine and amphetamine ...
Cocaine is a relatively "balanced" inhibitor, although facilitation of dopaminergic neurotransmission is what has been linked to the reinforcing and addictive effects. In addition, cocaine has some serious limitations in terms of its cardiotoxicity [196] due to its local anesthetic activity. Thousands of cocaine users are admitted to emergency ...
Authorities seized 126 packages containing 5.6 tons of suspected cocaine, marking the largest drug seizure of the current administration. The navy said 15 suspects were arrested and over 1,000 ...
The Civil Guard, which said it was the largest seizure of cocaine smuggled into southern Spain by speedboat, posted video on social media showing officers unearthing the alleged drugs.
Colombia is as of 2019 the world's largest cocaine producer, with production more than tripling since 2013. [220] [221] Three-quarters of the world's annual yield of cocaine has been produced in Colombia, both from cocaine base imported from Peru (primarily the Huallaga Valley) and Bolivia and from locally grown coca. There was a 28% increase ...