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This lateral line enables the fish to sense changes in water pressure and turbulence adjacent to its body. Using this information, schooling fish can adjust their distance from adjacent fish if they come too close or stray too far. [73] The visual system in fish is augmented by other sensing systems with comparable or complementary functions.
Vision is an important sensory system for most species of fish. Fish eyes are similar to those of terrestrial vertebrates like birds and mammals, but have a more spherical lens. Their retinas generally have both rod cells and cone cells (for scotopic and photopic vision), and most species have colour vision.
Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine habitats in many ways, especially the difference in levels of osmolarity. To survive in fresh water, fish need a range of ...
Aquatic feeding mechanisms. Grouper capture their prey by sucking them into their mouths. Aquatic feeding mechanisms face a special difficulty as compared to feeding on land, because the density of water is about the same as that of the prey, so the prey tends to be pushed away when the mouth is closed. This problem was first identified by ...
Fish locomotion. Fish locomotion is the various types of animal locomotion used by fish, principally by swimming. This is achieved in different groups of fish by a variety of mechanisms of propulsion, most often by wave-like lateral flexions of the fish's body and tail in the water, and in various specialised fish by motions of the fins.
Fish physiology is the scientific study of how the component parts of fish function together in the living fish. [ 2 ] It can be contrasted with fish anatomy, which is the study of the form or morphology of fishes. In practice, fish anatomy and physiology complement each other, the former dealing with the structure of a fish, its organs or ...
Osmoconformer. Osmoconformers are marine organisms that maintain an internal environment which is isotonic to their external environment. [1] This means that the osmotic pressure of the organism's cells is equal to the osmotic pressure of their surrounding environment. By minimizing the osmotic gradient, this subsequently minimizes the net ...
Climate change is modifying fish distributions [ 6] and the productivity of marine and freshwater species. Climate change is expected to lead to significant changes in the availability and trade of fish products. [ 7] The geopolitical and economic consequences will be significant, especially for the countries most dependent on the sector.