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In spark-ignition internal combustion engines, knocking (also knock, detonation, spark knock, pinging or pinking) occurs when combustion of some of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder does not result from propagation of the flame front ignited by the spark plug, but when one or more pockets of air/fuel mixture explode outside the envelope of the normal combustion front.
Idle speed, sometimes simply called "idle", is the rotational speed an engine runs at when the engine is idling, that is when the engine is uncoupled from the drivetrain and the throttle pedal is not depressed. In combustion engines, idle speed is generally measured in revolutions per minute (rpm) of the crankshaft.
EGR is also omitted at idle (low-speed, zero load) because it would cause unstable combustion, resulting in rough idle. Since the EGR system recirculates a portion of exhaust gases, over time the valve can become clogged with carbon deposits, which will prevent it from operating properly.
Pressure in cylinder pattern in dependence on ignition timing: (a) - misfire, (b) too soon, (c) optimal, (d) too late. In a spark ignition internal combustion engine, ignition timing is the timing, relative to the current piston position and crankshaft angle, of the release of a spark in the combustion chamber near the end of the compression stroke.
It was only used in cars equipped with V8 gasoline engines. This variant of the engine management system was adapted for off-road use. Unlike the Motronic system in BMW sedans, that uses a chassis accelerometer to differentiate between misfires and rough road, the Land Rover version used signal from ABS control unit to detect rough road conditions.
The third feature would be a slightly bigger camshaft profile that was changed on 1996 and up SOHC vehicles due to a rough idle when the air conditioning was on. 2002 and earlier engines featured a one-piece cast nodular iron crankshaft with counterweights present on either side of each crank pin.
The BMW N43 is a naturally aspirated four-cylinder petrol engine which was sold from 2006 to 2013. It replaced both the BMW N46 and BMW N45 engines. [1] However the N43 was not sold in countries with high sulfur fuel, [2] therefore the N45/N46 engines remained in production alongside the N43.
The interrupter can be either contact points or a power transistor. The problem with this type of ignition is that as RPM increases the availability of electrical energy decreases. This is especially a problem, since the amount of energy needed to ignite a more dense fuel mixture is higher. The result was often a high RPM misfire.
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