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  2. EEPROM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM

    Many past microcontrollers included both (flash memory for the firmware and a small EEPROM for parameters), though the trend with modern microcontrollers is to emulate EEPROM using flash. As of 2020, flash memory costs much less than byte-programmable EEPROM and is the dominant memory type wherever a system requires a significant amount of non ...

  3. Flash memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memory

    As of 2019, flash memory costs greatly less than byte-programmable EEPROM and had become the dominant memory type wherever a system required a significant amount of non-volatile solid-state storage. EEPROMs, however, are still used in applications that require only small amounts of storage, e.g. in SPD implementations on computer memory modules.

  4. Charge trap flash - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_trap_flash

    Charge trap flash (CTF) is a semiconductor memory technology used in creating non-volatile NOR and NAND flash memory. It is a type of floating-gate MOSFET memory technology , but differs from the conventional floating-gate technology in that it uses a silicon nitride film to store electrons rather than the doped polycrystalline silicon typical ...

  5. Non-volatile memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-volatile_memory

    Flash memory is a solid-state chip that maintains stored data without any external power source. It is a close relative to the EEPROM; it differs in that erase operations must be done on a block basis, and its capacity is substantially larger than that of an EEPROM. Flash memory devices use two different technologies—NOR and NAND—to map data.

  6. Semiconductor memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_memory

    Non-volatile memory (such as EPROM, EEPROM and flash memory) uses floating-gate memory cells, which consist of a single floating-gate transistor per cell. Most types of semiconductor memory have the property of random access , [ 4 ] which means that it takes the same amount of time to access any memory location, so data can be efficiently ...

  7. Firmware - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmware

    Firmware is commonly stored in an EEPROM or Flash memory, [1] which makes use of an I/O protocol such as SPI. In computing, firmware is software that provides low-level control of computing device hardware. For a relatively simple device, firmware may perform all control, monitoring and data manipulation functionality.

  8. Read-only memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory

    Floating-gate ROM semiconductor memory in the form of erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) and flash memory can be erased and re-programmed. But usually, this can only be done at relatively slow speeds, may require special equipment to achieve, and is typically only ...

  9. AVR microcontrollers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVR_microcontrollers

    The Program and Debug Interface (PDI) is an Atmel proprietary interface for external programming and on-chip debugging of XMEGA devices. The PDI supports high-speed programming of all non-volatile memory (NVM) spaces; flash, EEPROM, fuses, lock-bits and the User Signature Row.