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The fall of Babylon was the decisive event that marked the total defeat of the Neo-Babylonian Empire to the Achaemenid Empire in 539 BC. Nabonidus , the final Babylonian king and son of the Assyrian priestess Adad-guppi , [ 2 ] ascended to the throne in 556 BC, after overthrowing his predecessor Labashi-Marduk .
The Assyrian army failed to capture Babylon and Nabopolassar's garrison at Uruk also successfully repulsed them. [3] On November 22/23 626 BC, Nabopolassar was formally crowned as King of Babylon, the Assyrians having failed to capture and kill him, which restored Babylonia as an independent kingdom after more than a century of Assyrian rule. [3]
The Battle of Halule was fought in 691 BC between Sennacherib and his enemies, in which this vast alliance failed to overthrow Sennacherib. The Assyrian king was then able to subjugate these nations individually, Babylon was sacked and largely destroyed by Sennacherib.
In the first half of the seventh century, the Neo-Assyrian Empire was at the height of its power, controlling the entire Fertile Crescent, and allied with Egypt.However, when Assyrian king Assurbanipal died of natural causes in 631 BC, [4] his son and successor Ashur-etil-ilani was met with opposition and unrest, a common occurrence in Assyrian history. [5]
The siege of Babylon in 689 BC took place after Assyrian king Sennacherib's victory over the Elamites at the Battle of River Diyala. [1] Although the Assyrians had suffered heavy casualties at the river, they had beaten the Elamites such that the Babylonians now stood alone.
The Capture of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar. The siege of Jerusalem (c. 589–587 BCE) was the final event of the Judahite revolts against Babylon, in which Nebuchadnezzar II, king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, besieged Jerusalem, the capital city of the Kingdom of Judah.
1237 BC – Battle of Nihriya, resulting in Assyrian victory over the Hittites for control over remnants of the former empire of Mitanni in Asia Minor and the Levant; 1225 BC – Babylon taken by the Assyrians. [11] 1200 to 1050 BC – Bronze Age collapse; 1200 BC – oldest Phoenician alphabet inscription engraved on the sarcophagus of King Ahiram
An Assyrian governor named Kandalanu was placed on the throne to rule on behalf of the Assyrian king. [17] Upon Ashurbanipal's death in 627 BC, his son Ashur-etil-ilani (627–623 BC) became ruler of Babylon and Assyria. However, Assyria soon descended into a series of brutal internal civil wars which were to cause its downfall.