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Sex: It used to be thought that females were affected far more than males. However, research has shown 79% of adult males and 88% of adult females have leg telangiectasia. [5] Pregnancy: Pregnancy is a key factor contributing to the formation of varicose and spider veins.
Foot of an 80-year old individual with type 2 diabetes and heart failure. The second toe has a large ischaemic ulcer. The first toe has a small one. The prevalence of arterial insufficiency ulcers among people with Diabetes is high due to decreased blood flow caused by the thinning of arteries and the lack of sensation due to diabetic neuropathy.
The aortic aneurysm is a special case where the aorta, the body's main blood vessel, becomes ruptured through an inherent weakness, although exertion, raised blood pressure or sudden movements could cause a sudden catastrophic failure. [23] This is one of the most serious medical emergencies a patient can face, as the only treatment is rapid ...
The slow process of reabsorption of hematomas can allow the broken down blood cells and hemoglobin pigment to move in the connective tissue. For example, a patient who injures the base of their thumb might cause a hematoma, which will slowly move all through their finger within a week. Gravity is the main determinant of this process.
Causes are septicaemia, acute leukaemia, shock, snake bites, fat emboli from broken bones, or other severe traumas. DIC may also be seen in pregnant females . Treatment involves the use of fresh frozen plasma to restore the level of clotting factors in the blood, as well as platelets and heparin to prevent further thrombi formation.
Treatments may include medication, not walking on the affected leg, stretching, and surgery. [1] Most of the time surgery is eventually required and may include core decompression, osteotomy, bone grafts, or joint replacement. [1] About 15,000 cases occur per year in the United States. [4] People 30 to 50 years old are most commonly affected. [3]
Despite ongoing research, the cause of PTS is not entirely clear. Inflammation is thought to play a role [ 5 ] [ 6 ] as well as damage to the venous valves from the thrombus itself. This valvular incompetence combined with persistent venous obstruction from thrombus increases the pressure in veins and capillaries.
A bruise, also known as a contusion, is a type of hematoma of tissue, [3] the most common cause being capillaries damaged by trauma, causing localized bleeding that extravasates into the surrounding interstitial tissues. Most bruises occur close enough to the epidermis such that the bleeding causes a visible discoloration.