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The preparation of EtBr stands as a model for the synthesis of bromoalkanes in general. It is usually prepared by the addition of hydrogen bromide to ethene: H 2 C=CH 2 + HBr → H 3 C-CH 2 Br. Bromoethane is inexpensive and would rarely be prepared in the laboratory.
Ethidium bromide (or homidium bromide, [2] chloride salt homidium chloride) [3] [4] is an intercalating agent commonly used as a fluorescent tag (nucleic acid stain) in molecular biology laboratories for techniques such as agarose gel electrophoresis.
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An agarose gel cast in tray, to be used for gel electrophoresis. Agarose gel is a three-dimensional matrix formed of helical agarose molecules in supercoiled bundles that are aggregated into three-dimensional structures with channels and pores through which biomolecules can pass. [3]
EtBr has absorbance maxima at 300-360 nm and fluorescent emission maxima at 500-590 nm, with the detection limit of 0.5-5.0 ng/band. [6] The dye, however, has reduced sensitivity in the detection of single-stranded nucleic acid samples EtBr should be handled with care, as it is a potent mutagen. [6]
Apart from acting as the synthetic equivalent of an ethyl anion synthon for nucleophilic addition, ethylmagnesium bromide may be used as a strong base to deprotonate various substrates such as alkynes: [1]
The chemicals used in most northern blots can be a risk to the researcher, since formaldehyde, radioactive material, ethidium bromide, DEPC, and UV light are all harmful under certain exposures. [11] Compared to RT-PCR, northern blotting has a low sensitivity, but it also has a high specificity, which is important to reduce false positive results.
TEAB has been used for the in situ preparation of tetraethylammonium superoxide from potassium superoxide for the conversion of primary alkyl halides to dialkyl peroxides. [5] The overall reaction is: 2R 1 Br + 2KO 2 → R 1-O-O-R 1 + 2KBr + O 2