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In materials science, quenching is the rapid cooling of a workpiece in water, gas, oil, polymer, air, or other fluids to obtain certain material properties. A type of heat treating , quenching prevents undesired low-temperature processes, such as phase transformations, from occurring.
In chemistry, quenching refers to any process which decreases the fluorescent intensity of a given substance. A variety of processes can result in quenching, such as excited state reactions, energy transfer, complex-formation and collisions. As a consequence, quenching is often heavily dependent on pressure and temperature.
In chemistry, work-up refers to the series of manipulations required to isolate and purify the product(s) of a chemical reaction. [1] The term is used colloquially to refer to these manipulations, which may include: deactivating any unreacted reagents by quenching a reaction.
In chemistry, a dark quencher (also known as a dark sucker) is a substance that absorbs excitation energy from a fluorophore and dissipates the energy as heat; while a typical (fluorescent) quencher re-emits much of this energy as light. [1] Dark quenchers are used in molecular biology in conjunction with fluorophores.
Once removed from the oven, the workpieces are often quickly cooled off in a process known as quench hardening. Typical methods of quench hardening materials involve media such as air, water, oil, or salt. Salt is used as a medium for quenching usually in the form of brine (salt water). Brine provides faster cooling rates than water.
After heating the steel to the austenite phase and then quenching it in water, the microstructure will be in the martensitic phase. This is due to the fact that the steel will change from the austenite phase to the martensite phase after quenching. Some pearlite or ferrite may be present if the quench did not rapidly cool off all the steel. [4]
Molten chloride salt mixtures are commonly used as quenching baths for various alloy heat treatments, such as annealing and martempering of steel. Cyanide and chloride salt mixtures are used for surface modification of alloys such as carburizing and nitrocarburizing of steel.
TaqMan probe chemistry mechanism TaqMan probes consist of a fluorophore covalently attached to the 5’-end of the oligonucleotide probe and a quencher at the 3’-end. [ 4 ] Several different fluorophores (e.g. 6-carboxyfluorescein , acronym: FAM , or tetrachlorofluorescein, acronym: TET) and quenchers (e.g. tetramethyl rhodamine , acronym ...