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  2. Disjoint-set data structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjoint-set_data_structure

    To merge trees with roots x and y, first compare their ranks. If the ranks are different, then the larger rank tree becomes the parent, and the ranks of x and y do not change. If the ranks are the same, then either one can become the parent, but the new parent's rank is incremented by one.

  3. pandas (software) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandas_(software)

    Pandas is built around data structures called Series and DataFrames. Data for these collections can be imported from various file formats such as comma-separated values, JSON, Parquet, SQL database tables or queries, and Microsoft Excel. [8] A Series is a 1-dimensional data structure built on top of NumPy's array.

  4. Concatenation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concatenation

    Many authors also use concatenation of a string set and a single string, and vice versa, which are defined similarly by S 1 w = { vw : v ∈ S 1} and vS 2 = { vw : w ∈ S 2}. In these definitions, the string vw is the ordinary concatenation of strings v and w as defined in the introductory section.

  5. Sort-merge join - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sort-merge_join

    The sort-merge join (also known as merge join) is a join algorithm and is used in the implementation of a relational database management system. The basic problem of a join algorithm is to find, for each distinct value of the join attribute, the set of tuples in each relation which display that value. The key idea of the sort-merge algorithm is ...

  6. Comparison of programming languages (strings) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    COBOL uses the STRING statement to concatenate string variables. MATLAB and Octave use the syntax "[x y]" to concatenate x and y. Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET can also use the "+" sign but at the risk of ambiguity if a string representing a number and a number are together. Microsoft Excel allows both "&" and the function "=CONCATENATE(X,Y)".

  7. Block nested loop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_nested_loop

    A block-nested loop (BNL) is an algorithm used to join two relations in a relational database. [1]This algorithm [2] is a variation of the simple nested loop join and joins two relations and (the "outer" and "inner" join operands, respectively).

  8. Merge (version control) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merge_(version_control)

    Three-way merge based revision control tools are widespread, but the technique fundamentally depends on finding a common ancestor of the versions to be merged. There are awkward cases, particularly the "criss-cross merge", [3] where a unique last common ancestor of the modified versions does not exist.

  9. k-way merge algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-way_merge_algorithm

    Leaf 1 (overall winner) is replaced by 9, the next element from the input list. 2: Replaying the game 9 vs 7 (previous loser). 7 wins because it is smaller. Therefore, 7 is promoted to the top while 9 is saved in the node. 3: Replaying the game 7 vs 3 (previous loser). 3 wins because it is smaller.