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In many applications, objective functions, including loss functions as a particular case, are determined by the problem formulation. In other situations, the decision maker’s preference must be elicited and represented by a scalar-valued function (called also utility function) in a form suitable for optimization — the problem that Ragnar Frisch has highlighted in his Nobel Prize lecture. [4]
In machine learning and mathematical optimization, loss functions for classification are computationally feasible loss functions representing the price paid for inaccuracy of predictions in classification problems (problems of identifying which category a particular observation belongs to). [1]
In electrical engineering, dielectric loss quantifies a dielectric material's inherent dissipation of electromagnetic energy (e.g. heat). [1] It can be parameterized in terms of either the loss angle δ or the corresponding loss tangent tan( δ ) .
Two very commonly used loss functions are the squared loss, () =, and the absolute loss, () = | |.The squared loss function results in an arithmetic mean-unbiased estimator, and the absolute-value loss function results in a median-unbiased estimator (in the one-dimensional case, and a geometric median-unbiased estimator for the multi-dimensional case).
A regularization term (or regularizer) () is added to a loss function: = ((),) + where is an underlying loss function that describes the cost of predicting () when the label is , such as the square loss or hinge loss; and is a parameter which controls the importance of the regularization term.
This is also known as the log loss (or logarithmic loss [4] or logistic loss); [5] the terms "log loss" and "cross-entropy loss" are used interchangeably. [ 6 ] More specifically, consider a binary regression model which can be used to classify observations into two possible classes (often simply labelled 0 {\displaystyle 0} and 1 ...
The plot shows that the Hinge loss penalizes predictions y < 1, corresponding to the notion of a margin in a support vector machine. In machine learning, the hinge loss is a loss function used for training classifiers. The hinge loss is used for "maximum-margin" classification, most notably for support vector machines (SVMs). [1]
The loss function is defined using triplets of training points of the form (,,).In each triplet, (called an "anchor point") denotes a reference point of a particular identity, (called a "positive point") denotes another point of the same identity in point , and (called a "negative point") denotes an point of an identity different from the identity in point and .