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White cauliflower has anthoxanthin pigments. Anthoxanthins (flavones and flavonols) [1] are a type of flavonoid pigments in plants. Anthoxanthins are water-soluble pigments which range in color from white or colorless to a creamy to yellow, often on petals of flowers. These pigments are generally whiter in an acid medium and yellowed in an ...
Anthocyanins are approved for use as food colorants in the European Union, Australia, and New Zealand, having colorant code E163. [ 44 ] [ 45 ] In 2013, a panel of scientific experts for the European Food Safety Authority concluded that anthocyanins from various fruits and vegetables have been insufficiently characterized by safety and ...
Astaxanthin / æ s t ə ˈ z æ n θ ɪ n / is a keto-carotenoid within a group of chemical compounds known as carotenones or terpenes. [3] [4] [5] Astaxanthin is a metabolite of zeaxanthin and canthaxanthin, containing both hydroxyl and ketone functional groups.
Molecular structure of the flavone backbone (2-phenyl-1,4-benzopyrone) Isoflavan structure Neoflavonoids structure. Flavonoids (or bioflavonoids; from the Latin word flavus, meaning yellow, their color in nature) are a class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites found in plants, and thus commonly consumed in the diets of humans.
For example, with the exception of certain flies, most insects use the xanthophyll derived R-isomer of 3-hydroxyretinal for visual activities, which means that β-cryptoxanthin and other xanthophylls (such as lutein and zeaxanthin) may function as forms of visual "vitamin A" for them, while carotenes (such as beta carotene) do not.
The name "betalain" comes from the Latin name of the common beet (Beta vulgaris), from which betalains were first extracted.The deep red color of beets, bougainvillea, amaranth, and many cacti results from the presence of betalain pigments. [2]
Xanthium strumarium L. (Asteracae) has been used thousands of years as Chinese herbal medicine (named Cangerzi).Its leaves have shown anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-asthmatic, anti-microbial, and diuretic properties in an herbal supplement before it was known that xanthatin was the main bioactive compound.
Other side effects of gold-containing drugs include kidney damage, itching rash, and ulcerations of the mouth, tongue, and pharynx. Approximately 35% of patients discontinue the use of gold salts because of these side effects. Kidney function must be monitored continuously while taking gold compounds. [5]