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Young's modulus is defined as the ratio of the stress (force per unit area) applied to the object and the resulting axial strain (displacement or deformation) in the linear elastic region of the material. Although Young's modulus is named after the 19th-century British scientist Thomas Young, the concept was developed in 1727 by Leonhard Euler.
The first stage is the linear elastic region. The stress is proportional to the strain, that is, obeys the general Hooke's law, and the slope is Young's modulus. In this region, the material undergoes only elastic deformation. The end of the stage is the initiation point of plastic deformation.
Elastic properties describe the reversible deformation (elastic response) of a material to an applied stress. They are a subset of the material properties that provide a quantitative description of the characteristics of a material, like its strength .
The bulk modulus is an extension of Young's modulus to three dimensions. Flexural modulus ( E flex ) describes the object's tendency to flex when acted upon by a moment . Two other elastic moduli are Lamé's first parameter , λ, and P-wave modulus , M , as used in table of modulus comparisons given below references.
Volume, modulus of elasticity, distribution of forces, and yield strength affect the impact strength of a material. In order for a material or object to have a high impact strength, the stresses must be distributed evenly throughout the object. It also must have a large volume with a low modulus of elasticity and a high material yield strength. [7]
Stress analysis is specifically concerned with solid objects. The study of stresses in liquids and gases is the subject of fluid mechanics.. Stress analysis adopts the macroscopic view of materials characteristic of continuum mechanics, namely that all properties of materials are homogeneous at small enough scales.
Young's modulus: pascal (Pa) or newton per square meter (N/m 2) eccentricity: unitless Euler's number (2.71828, base of the natural logarithm) unitless electron: unitless elementary charge: coulomb (C) force: newton (N) Faraday constant: coulombs per mole (C⋅mol −1) frequency
The constant is called the modulus of elasticity (or just modulus) while its reciprocal is called the modulus of compliance (or just compliance). There are three postulates that define the ideal elastic behaviour: (1) the strain response to each level of applied stress (or vice versa) has a unique equilibrium value;