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Funeral monument of a Roman midwife. In ancient Rome, childbirth was the aim of a Roman marriage. Procreation was the prime duty and expectation of a woman. [1] Childbirth also brought upon high risk to both the mother and child due to a greater chance of complications, which included infection, uterine hemorrhage, and the young age of the mothers.
Funerary stele from Roman-era Thessaloniki (168–190 CE) depicting a woman and her deceased husband, the couple's three sons, and an older woman who is possibly their grandmother The jus trium liberorum was a reward gained by compliance with the leges Iulia and Papia Poppea .
Rome as a republic or an empire never formally instituted a state-sponsored form of elementary education. [15] In no stage of its history did Rome ever legally require its people to be educated on any level. [16] It was typical for Roman children of wealthy families to receive their early education from private tutors.
In ancient Roman religion, birth and childhood deities were thought to care for every aspect of conception, pregnancy, childbirth, and child development. Some major deities of Roman religion had a specialized function they contributed to this sphere of human life, while other deities are known only by the name with which they were invoked to ...
Marble relief (2nd century AD) of Roman children playing ball games: the girl at the far right is tossing a ball in the air [1] The ancient Romans had a variety of toys and games. Children used toys such as tops, marbles, wooden swords, kites, [2] whips, seesaws, dolls, chariots, and swings. Gambling and betting were popular games in ancient Rome.
Fostering was preferred to adopting children of "low" birth or unknown parentage, and in Roman Egypt it was unlawful to adopt a male foundling. [22] The paterfamilias generally transmitted his estate to an adoptee of his own rank, or the adoptee acquired the social rank of the adoptive family, with some exceptions.
Ara Pacis showing the imperial family of Augustus Gold glass portrait of husband and wife (Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Museo Sacro). The ancient Roman family was a complex social structure, based mainly on the nuclear family, but also included various combinations of other members, such as extended family members, household slaves, and freed slaves.
Detail from a relief showing a Roman boy wearing a bulla Etruscan bulla depicting Icarus. A bulla, an amulet worn like a locket, was given to male children in Ancient Rome nine days after birth. Rather similar objects are rare finds from Late Bronze Age Ireland.