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A more stable polymorph of water than common ice (Ice I h), which instead of melting when above 0°C (32°F), only melts at 45.8°C (114.4°F). When ice-nine comes in contact with liquid water below 45.8°C, it acts as a seed crystal , and causes the solidification of the entire body of water, which quickly crystallizes as more ice-nine.
This produces steel that is much stronger than full-annealed steel, and much tougher than tempered quenched steel. However, added toughness is sometimes needed at a reduction in strength. Tempering provides a way to carefully decrease the hardness of the steel, thereby increasing the toughness to a more desirable point.
Hydronalium (up to 12% magnesium, 1% manganese): used in shipbuilding, resists seawater corrosion Italma (3.5% magnesium, 0.3% manganese): formerly used to make coinage of the Italian lira Magnalium (5-50% magnesium ): used in airplane bodies, ladders, pyrotechnics, etc.
Mohs hardness kit, containing one specimen of each mineral on the ten-point hardness scale. The Mohs scale (/ m oʊ z / MOHZ) of mineral hardness is a qualitative ordinal scale, from 1 to 10, characterizing scratch resistance of minerals through the ability of harder material to scratch softer material.
In metallurgy, titanium gold (Ti-Au or Au-Ti) refers to an alloy consisting of titanium and gold. Such alloys are used in dentistry , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] ceramics and jewelry . [ 3 ] Like many other alloys, titanium gold alloys have a higher yield strength, tensile strength , hardness , and magnetism than either of its constituent metals.
For many alloys, including carbon steel, the crystal grain size and phase composition, which ultimately determine the material properties, are dependent on the heating rate and cooling rate. Hot working or cold working after the annealing process alters the metal structure, so further heat treatments may be used to achieve the properties required.
Mangalloy is made by alloying steel, containing 0.8 to 1.25% carbon, with 11 to 15% manganese. [1] Mangalloy is a unique non-magnetic steel with extreme anti-wear properties. The material is very resistant to abrasion and will achieve up to three times its surface hardness during conditions of impact , without any increase in brittleness which ...