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Guatemala, [a] officially the Republic of Guatemala, [b] is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico, to the northeast by Belize, to the east by Honduras, and to the southeast by El Salvador. It is hydrologically bordered to the south by the Pacific Ocean and to the northeast by the Gulf of Honduras.
Guatemala’s Democratic Spring (1944-1954), was a period of social integration for Indigenous groups. In 1945 the democratic government of Guatemala established the Instituto Indigenista Nacional (IIN) allowing children in schools to learn to read in their native language first before learning Spanish. [30]
Guatemala also has an almost five-century-old tradition of art music, spanning from the first liturgical chant and polyphony, introduced in 1524 to contemporary art music. Much of the music composed in Guatemala from the 16th century to the 19th century has only recently been unearthed by scholars and is being revived by performers.
Youth in Guatemala are the largest segment of the nation's population. Youth includes individuals between the ages of 15 and 24 [ 1 ] Over half of the population is under 19 years old in 2011, [ 1 ] the highest proportion of young people of any country in Latin America. [ 2 ]
According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects [8] [9] the total population estimate was 17,608,483 in 2021. The proportion of the population below the age of 15 in 2010 was 41.5%, 54.1% were aged between 15 and 65 years of age, and 4.4% were aged 65 years or older.
The history of Guatemala traces back to the Maya civilization (2600 BC – 1697 AD), with the country's modern history beginning with the Spanish conquest of Guatemala in 1524. By 1000 AD, most of the major Classic-era (250–900 AD) Maya cities in the Petén Basin , located in the northern lowlands, had been abandoned.
The Northern Railroad of Guatemala was a railway system that ran from Guatemala City to Puerto Barrios, the main port of Guatemala, between 1896 and 1968.The American United Fruit Company had the monopoly of the railway system through its affiliate, International Railways of Central America (IRCA), along with the docks at Puerto Barrios, the banana plantations in Izabal and the cargo and ...
Holy Week in Guatemala is celebrated with street expressions of faith, called processions, usually organized by a "hermandad". Each procession of Holy Week has processional floats and steps, which are often religious images of the Passion of Christ , or Marian images, although there are exceptions, like the allegorical steps of saints.