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  2. Wafer fabrication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_fabrication

    Wafer fabrication is a procedure composed of many repeated sequential processes to produce complete electrical or photonic circuits on semiconductor wafers in semiconductor device fabrication process. Examples include production of radio frequency amplifiers, LEDs, optical computer components, and microprocessors for computers. Wafer ...

  3. Etching (microfabrication) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etching_(microfabrication)

    Etching is a critically important process module in fabrication, and every wafer undergoes many etching steps before it is complete. For many etch steps, part of the wafer is protected from the etchant by a "masking" material which resists etching. In some cases, the masking material is a photoresist which has been patterned using photolithography.

  4. Semiconductor device fabrication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_device...

    During the transition from 200 mm to 300 mm wafers in 2001, many bridge tools were used which could process both 200 mm and 300 mm wafers. [74] At the time, 18 companies could manufacture chips in the leading edge 130nm process. [75] In 2006, 450 mm wafers were expected to be adopted in 2012, and 675 mm wafers were expected to be used by 2021.

  5. Wafer (electronics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics)

    In electronics, a wafer (also called a slice or substrate) [1] is a thin slice of semiconductor, such as a crystalline silicon (c-Si, silicium), used for the fabrication of integrated circuits and, in photovoltaics, to manufacture solar cells. The wafer serves as the substrate for microelectronic devices built in and upon

  6. Czochralski method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czochralski_method

    The technician is measuring the temperature with an optical pyrometer. The crystals produced by this early apparatus, used in an early Si plant, were only one inch in diameter. Due to efficiencies of scale, the semiconductor industry often uses wafers with standardized dimensions, or common wafer specifications. Early on, boules were small, a ...

  7. Multi-project wafer service - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-project_wafer_service

    Multi-project chip (MPC), and multi-project wafer (MPW) semiconductor manufacturing arrangements allow customers to share tooling (like mask) and microelectronics wafer fabrication cost between several designs or projects. MPC consisting of five CMOS IC designs and few test N- and PMOS transistors for manufacturing acceptance

  8. Direct bonding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_bonding

    The procedural steps of the direct bonding process of wafers any surface is divided into wafer preprocessing, pre-bonding at room temperature and; annealing at elevated temperatures. Even though direct bonding as a wafer bonding technique is able to process nearly all materials, silicon is the most established material up to now. Therefore, the ...

  9. Wafer testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_testing

    Wafer testing is a step performed during semiconductor device fabrication after back end of line (BEOL) and before IC packaging.. Two types of testing are typically done. Very basic wafer parametric tests (WPT) are performed at a few locations on each wafer to ensure the wafer fabrication process has been carried out successfully.

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