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Add-on hardware or malfunctioning RAM could also be sources of fatal kernel errors during start up, due to incompatibility with the OS or a missing device driver. [9] A kernel may also go into panic() if it is unable to locate a root file system. [10]
Break/Pause key on PC keyboard. The Break key (or the symbol ⎉) of a computer keyboard refers to breaking a telegraph circuit and originated with 19th century practice. In modern usage, the key has no well-defined purpose, but while this is the case, it can be used by software for miscellaneous tasks, such as to switch between multiple login sessions, to terminate a program, or to interrupt ...
A hardware interrupt is a condition related to the state of the hardware that may be signaled by an external hardware device, e.g., an interrupt request (IRQ) line on a PC, or detected by devices embedded in processor logic (e.g., the CPU timer in IBM System/370), to communicate that the device needs attention from the operating system (OS) [7] or, if there is no OS, from the bare metal ...
Moreover, many software bugs which cause crashes are also exploitable for arbitrary code execution and other types of privilege escalation. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] For example, a stack buffer overflow can overwrite the return address of a subroutine with an invalid value, which will cause, e.g., a segmentation fault , when the subroutine returns.
Hooking can be achieved by modifying the source of the executable or library before an application is running, through techniques of reverse engineering.This is typically used to intercept function calls to either monitor or replace them entirely.
Debugging NMIs have appeared in a number of forms, including the Apple Macintosh's "programmers' button", and certain key combinations on Sun workstations. With the introduction of Windows 2000 , Microsoft allowed the use of an NMI to cause a system to either break into a debugger , or dump the contents of memory to disk and reboot.
This class of status code indicates the client must take additional action to complete the request. Many of these status codes are used in URL redirection. [2]A user agent may carry out the additional action with no user interaction only if the method used in the second request is GET or HEAD.
Execution in computer and software engineering is the process by which a computer or virtual machine interprets and acts on the instructions of a computer program.Each instruction of a program is a description of a particular action which must be carried out, in order for a specific problem to be solved.