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The distribution of medications has special drug safety and security considerations. [1] Some drugs require cold chain management in their distribution. [2] The industry uses track and trace technology, though the timings for implementation and the information required vary across different countries, with varying laws and standards. [citation ...
The first pharmacokinetic model described in the scientific literature [2] was in fact a PBPK model. It led, however, to computations intractable at that time. The focus shifted then to simpler models, [3] for which analytical solutions could be obtained (such solutions were sums of exponential terms, which led to further simplifications.)
Distribution in pharmacology is a branch of pharmacokinetics which describes the reversible transfer of a drug from one location to another within the body. Once a drug enters into systemic circulation by absorption or direct administration, it must be distributed into interstitial and intracellular fluids.
Distribution is defined as the reversible transfer of a drug between one compartment to another. Some factors affecting drug distribution include regional blood flow rates, molecular size, polarity and binding to serum proteins, forming a complex. Distribution can be a serious problem at some natural barriers like the blood–brain barrier.
The simplest PK compartmental model is the one-compartmental PK model. This models an organism as one homogenous compartment. This monocompartmental model presupposes that blood plasma concentrations of the drug are the only information needed to determine the drug's concentration in other fluids and tissues. For example, the concentration in ...
PK/PD relationships can be described by simple equations such as linear model, Emax model or sigmoid Emax model. [5] However, if a delay is observed between the drug administration and the drug effect, a temporal dissociation needs to be taken into account and more complex models exist: [6] [7] Direct vs Indirect link PK/PD models
“The model that is geared toward alcoholism doesn’t effectively address heroin addiction,” Merrick said. “In a perfect world, we would have a 12-step model integrated with medically assisted therapy.” At least some of the top officials overseeing Kentucky’s response to the opioid epidemic are as open to medications as Merrick is.
Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) is a discipline within biomedical research that uses mathematical computer models to characterize biological systems, disease processes and drug pharmacology. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] QSP can be viewed as a sub-discipline of pharmacometrics that focuses on modeling the mechanisms of drug pharmacokinetics (PK ...