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The state argued that the 105th Amendment was only clarifying the 102nd Amendment, and so it had retrospective effect. [17] The Supreme Court disagreed, an amendment would not be considered retrospective unless it explicitly said so. The text of the 105th Amendment has no indication that it is retrospective.
Amendment to negate judicial pronouncements on scope and applicability on Sales Tax. Zail Singh: 47th: Amend schedule 9. [55] 26 August 1984 Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution. 48th: Amend article 356. [56] 1 April 1985 Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to two years in the ...
The 71st Amendment, enacted in 1992, added three more languages: Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali. In 2003, the 92nd Amendment added Bodo, Dogri, Santhali and Maithali, raising the total number of languages to 22. [5] In 2011, the spelling Oriya was changed to Odia by 96th amendment. [6]
This special, entrenched process is triggered when an amendment to the Constitution specifically concerns the States by modifying the legislature or the powers reserved to the states in the Seventh Schedule. When this occurs, an amendment must be ratified by a majority of state legislatures for the amendment to go into effect. [95]
Constitutional amendment under article 368 allows peaceful division of the country provided fundamental rights (Article 13) are ensured in all the resultant countries. The constitution (ninth amendment) act, 1960 is an example which has ceded territory to old Pakistan. [15]
1967: Sindhi was added by 21st Constitutional Amendment Act. [25] 1992: Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali were added by 71st Constitutional Amendment Act [26] 2003: Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santali were added by 92nd Constitutional Amendment Act. [24] 2011: The spelling Oriya was replaced by Odia by 96th Constitutional Amendment Act. [27]
The Constitution (One Hundred and Fourth Amendment) Act, 2019 Parliament of India Long title An Act further to amend the Constitution of India. Citation 104th Amendment Act of the Indian Constitution Territorial extent India Passed by Lok Sabha Passed 10 December 2019 Passed by Rajya Sabha Passed 12 December 2019 Assented to 21 January 2020 Commenced 25 January 2020 Legislative history First ...
An amendment bill must be passed by each House of the Parliament by a majority of the total membership of that House when at least two-thirds of the members are present and voting. In addition to this, certain amendments which pertain to the federal and judicial aspects of the Constitution must be ratified by a majority of state legislatures.