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American women were recruited to do ballistics calculations and program computers during WWII. Around 1943–1945, these women "computers" used a differential analyzer in the basement of the Moore School of Electrical Engineering to speed up their calculations, though the machine required a mechanic to be totally accurate and the women often ...
By 1943, almost all people employed as computers were women; one report said "programming requires lots of patience, persistence and a capacity for detail and those are traits that many girls have". [49] [50] NACA expanded its pool of women human computers in the 1940s. [51]
The Z3 computer, built by German inventor Konrad Zuse in 1941, was the first programmable, fully automatic computing machine, but it was not electronic. During World War II, ballistics computing was done by women, who were hired as "computers."
ENIAC (/ ˈ ɛ n i æ k /; Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) [1] [2] was the first programmable, electronic, general-purpose digital computer, completed in 1945. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Other computers had some of these features, but ENIAC was the first to have them all.
The very first electronic computing devices were instead rewired in order to "reprogram" them. The ENIAC , one of the first electronic computers, was programmed largely by women who had been previously working as human computers .
At least 200 women were hired by the Moore School of Engineering to work as "computers" [4] and six of them were chosen to be the programmers of ENIAC. Betty Holberton, Kay McNulty , Marlyn Wescoff , Ruth Lichterman , Betty Jean Jennings , and Fran Bilas , programmed the ENIAC to perform calculations for ballistics trajectories electronically ...
1985: Case formally launches Quantum Computer Services from the "ashes" of Control Video, starting the company that would become AOL. 1989 : Quantum Computer Services is renamed America Online.
The Computer History in time and space, Graphing Project, an attempt to build a graphical image of computer history, in particular operating systems. The Computer Revolution/Timeline at Wikibooks "File:Timeline.pdf - Engineering and Technology History Wiki" (PDF). ethw.org. 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-31