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American women were recruited to do ballistics calculations and program computers during WWII. Around 1943–1945, these women "computers" used a differential analyzer in the basement of the Moore School of Electrical Engineering to speed up their calculations, though the machine required a mechanic to be totally accurate and the women often ...
By 1943, almost all people employed as computers were women; one report said "programming requires lots of patience, persistence and a capacity for detail and those are traits that many girls have". [49] [50] NACA expanded its pool of women human computers in the 1940s. [51]
The Z3 computer, built by German inventor Konrad Zuse in 1941, was the first programmable, fully automatic computing machine, but it was not electronic. During World War II, ballistics computing was done by women, who were hired as "computers."
ENIAC (/ ˈ ɛ n i æ k /; Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) [1] [2] was the first programmable, electronic, general-purpose digital computer, completed in 1945. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Other computers had some of these features, but ENIAC was the first to have them all.
Japanese engineer Jun-ichi Nishizawa invented the avalanche photodiode [20] 1953: First fully transistorized computer in the U.S. 1958: American engineer Jack Kilby invented the integrated circuit (IC) 1960: American engineer Theodore Maiman develops the first laser: 1962: Nick Holonyak invented the LED: 1963: First home Videocassette recorder ...
History of software; List of computer science awards; List of computer scientists; List of Internet pioneers; List of people considered father or mother of a field § Computing; The Man Who Invented the Computer (2010 book) List of Russian IT developers; List of Women in Technology International Hall of Fame inductees; Timeline of computing ...
The very first electronic computing devices were instead rewired in order to "reprogram" them. The ENIAC , one of the first electronic computers, was programmed largely by women who had been previously working as human computers .
Girls Coming to Tech!: A History of American Engineering Education for Women (MIT Press, 2014) Joyce Currie Little, "The Role of Women in the History of Computing." Proceedings, Women and Technology: Historical, Societal, and Professional Perspectives. IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society, New Brunswick, NJ, July 1999, 202–05.