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An esophageal motility disorder (EMD) is any medical disorder resulting from dysfunction of the coordinated movement of esophagus, which causes dysphagia (i.e. difficulty in swallowing, regurgitation of food). [1] Primary motility disorders are: [1] Achalasia; Diffuse esophageal spasm; Nutcracker esophagus; Hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter
Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes K20-K31 within Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system should be included in this category. Subcategories This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total.
For example, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with reflux esophagitis is treated with proton pump inhibitors. Esophageal rings or strictures may be treated with esophageal dilation. Simple observation may be considered, [5] especially if symptoms are minimal or absent. If symptoms are severe or persistent, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM ...
Esophageal stricture can also be due to other causes, such as acid reflux from Zollinger–Ellison syndrome, trauma from a nasogastric tube placement, and chronic acid exposure in patients with poor esophageal motility from scleroderma. Other non-acid related causes of peptic strictures include infectious esophagitis, ingestion of chemical ...
Medications to relieve nausea and vomiting or to enhance mobility may be helpful, as may cholinesterase inhibitors. Immunotherapy and plasma exchange have also been reportedly effective. [4]
Esophageal spasm is a disorder of motility of the esophagus. [2] There are two types of esophageal spasm: [2] Diffuse or distal esophageal spasm (DES), where there is uncoordinated esophageal contractions; Nutcracker esophagus (NE) also known as hypertensive peristalsis, where the contractions are coordinated but with an excessive amplitude.
An EMS is typically done to evaluate suspected disorders of motility or peristalsis of the esophagus. These include achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm, nutcracker esophagus and hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter. These disorders typically present with dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, usually to both solids and liquids even initially.
Gastric motility studies; Imaging studies: CT-Scan showing a Cross-section of the abdomen of an elderly lady with an IPO. X-rays – may show intestinal air fluid levels (seen with true mechanical intestinal obstruction) CT scans; Barium enema; Blood tests; Upper and lower endoscopies; Manometry – used to measure pressure of esophagus and stomach