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Nipple pigmentation or areolar pigmentation is pigmentation (darkening) of the nipple or areola. It is dose-dependently induced as an effect of estrogens and can occur normally during pregnancy and breastfeeding or as a side effect of high-dose estrogen therapy. [1] [2]
Linea nigra (Latin for "black line"), colloquially known as the pregnancy line, manifests as a linear area of heightened pigmentation frequently observed on the abdominal region during pregnancy. [1] Typically spanning approximately one centimeter (0.4 in) in width, this brownish streak extends vertically along the midline of the abdomen ...
A male breast. The human areola (areola mammae, / ə ˈ r iː ə l ə / [1] [2] or / ˌ ær i ˈ oʊ l ə / [2] [3]) is the pigmented area on the breast around the nipple.More generally, an areola is a small circular area on the body with a different histology from the surrounding tissue, or other small circular areas such as an inflamed region of skin.
The areola contains modified sweat glands known as Montgomery's glands. These glands secrete oily fluid that lubricate and protect the nipple during breastfeeding. [20] Volatile compounds in these secretions may also serve as an olfactory stimulus for the newborn's appetite. [21] Breasts during early pregnancy, showing enlarged areolar glands
The skin of children becomes darker as they go through puberty and experience the effects of sex hormones. [108] This darkening is especially noticeable in the skin of the nipples, the areola of the nipples, the labia majora in females, and the scrotum in males. In some people, the armpits become slightly darker during puberty. The interaction ...
Regular aerobic exercise during pregnancy appears to improve (or maintain) physical fitness. [127] Physical exercise during pregnancy appears to decrease the need for C-section [128] and reduce time in labor, [129] and even vigorous exercise carries no significant risks to babies [130] while providing significant health benefits to the mother ...
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Areolar glands, especially during pregnancy and lactation, emit odors that reliably cause newborn babies to face the breast and locate the nipple. Cleaning the breast or otherwise masking these scents makes it harder for newborns to find the nipple, and to get an important first drink of immunoprotective colostrum .