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[22] [23] Another human-caused source of carbon dioxide is cement production. The burning of fossil fuels and cement production are the main reasons for the increase in atmospheric CO 2 since the beginning of the industrial era. [10] Other human-caused changes in the atmospheric carbon cycle are due to anthropogenic changes to carbon reservoirs.
CO 2 is absorbed and emitted naturally as part of the carbon cycle, through animal and plant respiration, volcanic eruptions, and ocean-atmosphere exchange. [35] Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and changes in land use (see below), release large amounts of carbon to the atmosphere, causing CO 2 concentrations in the ...
Global human-caused greenhouse gas emissions in 2019 were equivalent to 59 billion tonnes of CO 2. Of these emissions, 75% was CO 2, 18% was methane, 4% was nitrous oxide, and 2% was fluorinated gases. [111] CO 2 emissions primarily come from burning fossil fuels to provide energy for transport, manufacturing, heating, and electricity. [5]
For more than 100 years, scientists have known that large quantities of greenhouse gases, released from the burning of fossil fuels, go up into the atmosphere and heat the planet. Humans caused ...
The main cause of these changes are the emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities, mainly burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. Carbon dioxide and methane are examples of greenhouse gases. The additional greenhouse effect leads to ocean warming because the ocean takes up most of the additional heat in the climate system. [93]
The American Geophysical Union (AGU) adopted a statement on Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases in 1998. [13] A new statement, adopted by the society in 2003, revised in 2007, and revised and expanded in 2013, [14] affirms that rising levels of greenhouse gases have caused and will continue to cause the global surface temperature to be warmer:
A 2019 review of scientific papers found the consensus on the cause of climate change to be at 100%, [6] and a 2021 study concluded that over 99% of scientific papers agree on the human cause of climate change. [7] The small percentage of papers that disagreed with the consensus often contained errors or could not be replicated. [8]
[46]: 139 [63] It is important to focus on the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) energy budget (rather than the surface energy budget) when reasoning about the warming effect of greenhouse gases. [64]: 414 Flow of heat in Earth's atmosphere, showing (a) upward radiation heat flow and up/down radiation fluxes, (b) upward non-radiative heat flow (latent ...