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In English, existential clauses usually use the dummy subject construction (also known as expletive) with there (infinitive: there be), as in "There are boys in the yard", but there is sometimes omitted when the sentence begins with another adverbial (usually designating a place), as in "In my room (there) is a large box."
Looking at existential sentences, in all languages, they are understood to belong to a grammatically distinct construction, which is utilized to express existential positions. Cleft-sentences in English contain existential sentences that have a dummy there as a subject, be as a main verb, and an NP in the post-verbal complement position.
To account for noun phrases like these, A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language also recognizes the function of predeterminative (or predeterminer). [18]: 257 Some linguists and grammarians offer different accounts of these constructions. CGEL, for instance, classifies them as a kind of modifier in noun phrases. [1]: 433
she te PAST Ø COP an in Ayiti. Haiti. Li te Ø an Ayiti. she PAST COP in Haiti. "She was in Haiti." 1b) Liv-la book-the Ø COP jon. yellow. Liv-la Ø jon. book-the COP yellow. "The book is yellow." 1c) Timoun-yo Kids-the Ø COP lakay. home. Timoun-yo Ø lakay. Kids-the COP home. "The kids are [at] home." 2. Use se when the complement is a noun phrase. But, whereas other verbs come after any ...
Collins COBUILD – English Grammar London: Collins ISBN 0-00-370257-X second edition, 2005 ISBN 0-00-718387-9. Huddleston and Pullman say they found this grammar 'useful' in their Cambridge Grammar of the English Language, p. 1765. A CD-Rom version of the 1st edition is available in the Collins COBUILD Resource Pack ISBN 0-00-716921-3
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A subtype of inverted sentence is called locative inversion since in many languages the preverbal position is filled with a locative expression. English (especially written English) has this kind of structure: In a little white house lived two rabbits. [10] In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit. [11]