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A census choropleth map calculating population density using state boundaries will yield radically different results than a map that calculates density based on county boundaries. Furthermore, census district boundaries are also subject to change over time, [ 4 ] meaning the MAUP must be considered when comparing past data to current data.
Example of a positive reinforcing loop between two values: bank balance and earned interest. A causal loop diagram (CLD) is a causal diagram that visualizes how different variables in a system are causally interrelated. The diagram consists of a set of words and arrows.
Spider diagram of the logistic map with parameter r = 4 (left) and time series up to n = 500 (right) for the initial value = 0.3. When the parameter r = 4, the behavior becomes chaotic over the entire range [0, 1].
A bivariate map or multivariate map is a type of thematic map that displays two or more variables on a single map by combining different sets of symbols. [1] Each of the variables is represented using a standard thematic map technique, such as choropleth, cartogram, or proportional symbols. They may be the same type or different types, and they ...
An animated cobweb diagram of the logistic map = (), showing chaotic behaviour for most values of >. A cobweb plot , known also as Lémeray Diagram or Verhulst diagram is a visual tool used in the dynamical systems field of mathematics to investigate the qualitative behaviour of one-dimensional iterated functions , such as the logistic map .
) The vector is modelled as a linear function of its previous value. The vector's components are referred to as y i,t, meaning the observation at time t of the i th variable. For example, if the first variable in the model measures the price of wheat over time, then y 1,1998 would indicate the price of wheat in the year 1998.
Portrays a single dependent variable—prototypically temperature over time to portray global warming; Dependent variable is progressively plotted along a continuous "spiral" determined as a function of (a) constantly rotating angle (twelve months per revolution) and (b) evolving color (color changes over passing years) [55] Box and whisker plot
Line chart showing the population of the town of Pushkin, Saint Petersburg from 1800 to 2010, measured at various intervals. A line chart or line graph, also known as curve chart, [1] is a type of chart that displays information as a series of data points called 'markers' connected by straight line segments. [2]