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Micrograph of melanosis coli, with the characteristic mucosal lipofuscin-laden macrophages (brown). Melanosis coli, also pseudomelanosis coli, is a disorder of pigmentation of the wall of the colon, often identified at the time of colonoscopy. It is benign and may have no significant correlation with disease.
Ulcerative colitis involves the colonic mucosa. Crohn's disease may produce inflammation in all layers in any part of the gastrointestinal tract and so can result in transmural fistulae . Invasion of tumours through the layers of the gastrointestinal wall is used in staging of tumour spread.
Abnormal motility Studies have shown altered muscle contractility and tone, bowel compliance, and transit may contribute to many of the gastrointestinal symptoms of FGID which may include diarrhea , constipation , and vomiting .
The length of the human colon is, on average 160.5 cm (measured from the bottom of the cecum to the colorectal junction) with a range of 80 cm to 313 cm. [11] The average inner circumference of the colon is 6.2 cm. [10] Thus, the inner surface epithelial area of the human colon has an area, on average, of about 995 cm 2, which includes ...
The signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer depend on the location of the tumor in the bowel, and whether it has spread elsewhere in the body ().The classic warning signs include: worsening constipation, blood in the stool, decrease in stool caliber (thickness), loss of appetite, loss of weight, and nausea or vomiting in someone over 50 years old. [15]
Collagenous colitis is an inflammatory condition of the colon. Together with the related condition lymphocytic colitis, it is a subtype of microscopic colitis, which is characterized by inflammation that specifically affects the colon (i.e. colitis), and a clinical presentation that involves watery diarrhea but a lack of rectal bleeding.
Level 0: Cancer does not penetrate through the muscularis mucosa. [9] Level 1: Cancer penetrates through the muscularis mucosa and invades the submucosa below but is limited to the head of the polyp. [9] Level 2: Cancer invades through with involvement of the neck of polyp. [9] Level 3: Cancer invades through with involvement of any parts of ...
Rectal biopsies show normal mucosa. It is important and occasional difficult to distinguish SCAD from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). [1] [7] Biopsies reveal histologic findings that are identical in both conditions. [1] However, ulcerative colitis usually affects the rectum and inflammation in IBD extends to areas of the colon without ...