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Chinese shell money, 16–8th century BC. Money cowry; length 2.6 cm; Palou Tello, Batu Islands, Indonesia. In China, cowries were so important that many characters relating to money or trade contain the character for cowry: 貝. Starting over three thousand years ago, cowry shells, or copies of the shells, were used as Chinese currency. [11]
Monetaria moneta, common name the money cowrie, is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries. [1]This species is called "money cowrie" because the shells were historically widely used in many Pacific and Indian Ocean countries as shell money before coinage was in common usage.
The Classical Chinese character for money originated as a stylized drawing of a Maldivian cowrie shell. [10] [11] Words and characters concerning money, property or wealth usually have this as a radical. Before the Spring and Autumn period the cowrie was used as a type of trade token awarding access to a feudal lord's resources to a worthy vassal.
Burial money was modeled after the many different types of ancient Chinese coinages, and earlier forms of burial money tended to be actual money. [5] Graves that were dated to the Shang dynasty period have been discovered that contain thousands of cowrie shells, for example, the Fu Hao-mu, dating to about the year 1200 BCE, was discovered containing 6,900 cowry shells. [8]
Old Chinese Currency used in 1920–23. This currency was also used in Hunza state.. The use of shell money is attested to in the Chinese writing system.The traditional characters for 'goods' (貨), 'buy/sell' (買/賣), and 'monger' (販), in addition to various other words relating to 'exchange', all contain the radical 貝, which is the pictograph for shell (simplified to 贝).
In parts of Asia, Africa and the Middle East, Monetaria annulus, the ring cowry, so-called because of the bright orange-colored ring on the back or upper side of the shell, was commonly used as shell money much like Monetaria moneta. Occasionally the ring part on its back would be hammered away, making it nearly indistinguishable from other ...
Monetaria caputserpentis, common name the serpent's-head cowry or snakehead cowry, is a species of cowry, a sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries. [ 1 ] Distribution
Spade money. The shape of spade money (Chinese: 布币; pinyin: bù bì) is similar to spade, an agricultural tool. The pronunciation of "spade" in Chinese is "bo" (Chinese: 镈; pinyin: bó), which is very close to "bu" (Chinese: 布; pinyin: bù), and it is where spade money derived its name. During the Spring and Autumn period, spade money ...