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In programming languages that don't support namespaces (e.g., JavaScript) but do support classes and objects, classes are often used to substitute for namespaces. These classes are usually not instantiated and consist exclusively of static members.
A programmer can insert the using directive to bypass namespace resolution requirements and obtain backwards compatibility with older code that expects all identifiers to be in the global namespace. However the use of the using directive for reasons other than backwards compatibility (e.g., convenience) is considered to be against good code ...
Function declarations, which declare a variable and assign a function to it, are similar to variable statements, but in addition to hoisting the declaration, they also hoist the assignment – as if the entire statement appeared at the top of the containing function – and thus forward reference is also possible: the location of a function ...
The scope of anonymous classes is confined to their parent class, so the compiler must produce a "qualified" public name for the inner class, to avoid conflict where other classes with the same name (inner or not) exist in the same namespace. Similarly, anonymous classes must have "fake" public names generated for them (as the concept of ...
In practice, the available CLASS words would be a list of less than two dozen terms. CLASS words, typically positioned on the right (suffix), served much the same purpose as Hungarian notation prefixes. The purpose of CLASS words, in addition to consistency, was to specify to the programmer the data type of a particular data field. Prior to the ...
The same function name is used for more than one function definition in a particular module, class or namespace; The functions must have different type signatures, i.e. differ in the number or the types of their formal parameters (as in C++) or additionally in their return type (as in Ada).
A local class is a class defined within a procedure or function. Such structure limits references to the class name to within the scope where the class is declared. Depending on the semantic rules of the language, there may be additional restrictions on local classes compared to non-local ones.
The scope resolution operator helps to identify and specify the context to which an identifier refers, particularly by specifying a namespace or class. The specific uses vary across different programming languages with the notions of scoping. In many languages, the scope resolution operator is written ::.