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  2. Gradient descent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient_descent

    Gradient descent with momentum remembers the solution update at each iteration, and determines the next update as a linear combination of the gradient and the previous update. For unconstrained quadratic minimization, a theoretical convergence rate bound of the heavy ball method is asymptotically the same as that for the optimal conjugate ...

  3. Learning rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_rate

    In the adaptive control literature, the learning rate is commonly referred to as gain. [2] In setting a learning rate, there is a trade-off between the rate of convergence and overshooting. While the descent direction is usually determined from the gradient of the loss function, the learning rate determines how big a step is taken in that ...

  4. Mathematics of artificial neural networks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_of_artificial...

    Multiply the weight's output delta and input activation to find the gradient of the weight. Subtract the ratio (percentage) of the weight's gradient from the weight. The learning rate is the ratio (percentage) that influences the speed and quality of learning. The greater the ratio, the faster the neuron trains, but the lower the ratio, the ...

  5. Delta rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_rule

    In machine learning, the delta rule is a gradient descent learning rule for updating the weights of the inputs to ... we calculate the partial derivative of the ...

  6. Backpropagation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backpropagation

    In machine learning, backpropagation is a gradient estimation method commonly used for training a neural network to compute its parameter updates.. It is an efficient application of the chain rule to neural networks.

  7. Regularization (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regularization_(mathematics)

    This includes, for example, early stopping, using a robust loss function, and discarding outliers. Implicit regularization is essentially ubiquitous in modern machine learning approaches, including stochastic gradient descent for training deep neural networks, and ensemble methods (such as random forests and gradient boosted trees).

  8. Adjoint state method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjoint_state_method

    By using the dual form of this constraint optimization problem, it can be used to calculate the gradient very fast. A nice property is that the number of computations is independent of the number of parameters for which you want the gradient. The adjoint method is derived from the dual problem [4] and is used e.g. in the Landweber iteration ...

  9. Stochastic gradient descent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_gradient_descent

    The step size is denoted by (sometimes called the learning rate in machine learning) and here ":=" denotes the update of a variable in the algorithm. In many cases, the summand functions have a simple form that enables inexpensive evaluations of the sum-function and the sum gradient.