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Causes of epiphora are any that cause either overproduction of tears or decreased drainage of tears, resulting in tearing onto the cheek. [2] This can be due to ocular irritation and inflammation (including trichiasis and entropion) or an obstructed tear outflow tract, which is divided according to its anatomical location (i.e., ectropion, punctal, canalicular or nasolacrimal duct obstruction).
It is usually caused by allergies or viral infections, often inciting excessive eye rubbing. Chemosis is also included in the Chandler Classification system of orbital infections. If chemosis has occurred due to excessive rubbing of the eye, the first aid to be given is a cold water wash for eyes. [citation needed] Other causes of chemosis include:
The resulting loose, excess conjunctiva may mechanically irritate the eye and disrupt the tear film and its outflow, leading to dry eye and excess tearing. [2] A correlation may also exist between inflammation in the eye and conjunctivochalasis, though it is unclear whether this correlation is causal.
Excess tears are drained via the punctum through the tiny channels called canaliculi located on the inner side of the eyes into the tear sac, from there to the tear duct, the nose and finally down the throat. [citation needed] Epiphora, or watering eyes, is a condition in which tears flow out of the eyes, bypassing the lacrimal puncta.
Eye pain may be present if the cornea is also involved. [7] Its symptoms include excessive watering and itching. The discharge in viral conjunctivitis is usually (but not always) watery in nature. [7] The infection usually begins in one eye but may spread easily to the other eye. [citation needed]
Those who are sensitive to them, however, produce antibodies to fight them off, kickstarting a process that leads to symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes.
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