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Brain cells make up the functional tissue of the brain. The rest of the brain tissue is the structural stroma that includes connective tissue such as the meninges , blood vessels , and ducts. The two main types of cells in the brain are neurons , also known as nerve cells, and glial cells , also known as neuroglia. [ 1 ]
The cells of the brain include neurons and supportive glial cells. There are more than 86 billion neurons in the brain, and a more or less equal number of other cells. Brain activity is made possible by the interconnections of neurons and their release of neurotransmitters in response to nerve impulses.
The essential function of the brain is cell-to-cell communication, and synapses are the points at which communication occurs. The human brain has been estimated to contain approximately 100 trillion synapses; [ 12 ] even the brain of a fruit fly contains several million. [ 13 ]
The research identified 3,313 cell types, roughly 10 times more than previously known, and the complete set of genes used by each cell type while also mapping their regional distribution in the brain.
Kidney and nerve tissue cells can form memories much like brain cells, one new study has found. ... But wait 20 minutes and repeat the sugar load — now the pulse of insulin becomes twice as big
In general, neuroglial cells are smaller than neurons. There are approximately 85 billion glia cells in the human brain, [8] about the same number as neurons. [8] Glial cells make up about half the total volume of the brain and spinal cord. [27] The glia to neuron-ratio varies from one part of the brain to another.
In men the average weight is about 1370 g and in women about 1200 g. [4] [contradictory] The volume is around 1260 cm 3 in men and 1130 cm 3 in women, although there is substantial individual variation. [5] Yet another study found that adult human brain weight is 1300–1400 g for adult humans and 350–400 g for newborn humans.
The human cerebellum contains on the order of 60 to 80 billion granule cells, making this single cell type by far the most numerous neuron in the brain (roughly 70% of all neurons in the brain and spinal cord, combined). Golgi cells provide inhibitory feedback to granule cells, forming a synapse with them and projecting an axon into the ...