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A tongji or jitong is a person believed to have been chosen by a particular shen (chinese deity) or spirit as the earthly vehicle for divine expression. The Chinese differentiate a wu 巫 "shaman; healer; spirit medium" who gains control of forces in the spirit world versus a tongji who appears to be entirely under the control of forces in the ...
The word tongji 童乩 (lit. "youth diviner") "shaman; spirit-medium" is a near-synonym of wu. Modern Chinese distinguishes native wu from "Siberian shaman": saman 薩滿 or saman 薩蠻; and from Indian Shramana "wandering monk; ascetic": shamen 沙門, sangmen 桑門, or sangmen 喪門.
Wu is used in compounds like wugu 巫蠱 "sorcery; cast harmful spells", wushen 巫神 or shenwu 神巫 (with shen "spirit; god") "wizard; sorcerer", and wuxian 巫仙 (with xian "immortal; alchemist") "immortal shaman". The word tongji 童乩 (lit. "youth diviner") "shaman; spirit-medium" is a near-synonym of wu.
Shamanism in China (Chinese: 中国萨满教; pinyin: Zhōngguó sàmǎnjiào) may refer to all the forms of shamanism practiced in China: . Chinese shamanism, or Wuism, the term referring specifically to the indigenous shamanic tradition of the Han Chinese, practiced by a wu
In Kardec's later conception, found in The Book on Mediums, he described the perispirit (then assumed as "technical term") in terms of a "fluidic body" with the following properties: It is made of the "Universal Cosmic Fluid", which in different densities and states, is the source of all matter; It enclosed the spirit proper;
The spirit usually enters the body of the medium that is present at the table. At this time, those individuals seated around the table have the ability to ask questions to spirits who have entered the world through the mediums. [9] Furthermore, the spirit(s) is seen as a source of possible solutions to problems that are plaguing people.
Tongji (spirit medium) Y. Yubu; Z. Zhizha This page was last edited on 24 July 2022, at 10:13 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons ...
Chinese ritual mastery traditions, also referred to as ritual teachings (Chinese: 法教; pinyin: fǎjiào, sometimes rendered as "Faism"), [1] [2] Folk Taoism (民間道教; Mínjiàn Dàojiào), or Red Taoism (mostly in east China and Taiwan), constitute a large group of Chinese orders of ritual officers who operate within the Chinese folk religion but outside the institutions of official ...