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The Anti-Defection law, or the 52nd Amendment to the Indian Constitution is a constitutional amendment limiting the ability of politicians to switch parties in parliament. . The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parti
[1] [4] It was chartered by the government of Rajiv Gandhi as the Tenth Schedule of the Constitution of India. [3] The Anti-Defection Act, applicable to both Parliament and state assemblies, specifies the process for the Presiding Officer of a legislature to disqualify a legislators on grounds of defection based on a petition by any other ...
Government dismissed in spite of Chief minister Karunanidhi enjoying majority support in Assembly, due to the Government not strictly enforcing provisions of Emergency rules. 11. 12 March 1976 Gujarat: Babubhai J. Patel: Indian National Congress (O) Madhav Singh Solanki: Indian National Congress "Non-Passage" of budget leading to collapse of ...
Customer attrition, also known as customer churn, customer turnover, or customer defection, is the loss of clients or customers.. Companies often use customer attrition analysis and customer attrition rates as one of their key business metrics (along with cash flow, EBITDA, etc.) because the cost of retaining an existing customer is far less than the cost of acquiring a new one. [1]
More broadly, defection involves abandoning a person, cause, or doctrine to which one is bound by some tie, as of allegiance or duty. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This term is also applied, often pejoratively, to anyone who switches loyalty to another religion , sports team , political party , or other rival faction.
With the aid of its constitution, India is governed by a parliamentary system of government with the executive directly accountable to the legislature. Under Articles 52 and 53: the president of India is head of the executive branch; Under Article 60: the duty of preserving, protecting, and defending the constitution and the law.
Grievance Redressal is a management- and governance-related process used commonly in India. While the term "Grievance Redressal" primarily covers the receipt and processing of complaints from citizens and consumers, a wider definition includes actions taken on any issue raised by them to avail services more effectively.
Operation Kamala, also known as Operation Lotus is a term coined in 2008, when India's former minister G. Janardhana Reddy in the state of Karnataka, used various strategies, including persuasion and financial incentives to secure support from legislators bypassing the anti-defection law, so as to take the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) past the ...