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In atomic physics, the electron magnetic moment, or more specifically the electron magnetic dipole moment, is the magnetic moment of an electron resulting from its intrinsic properties of spin and electric charge. The value of the electron magnetic moment (symbol μ e) is −9.284 764 6917 (29) × 10 −24 J⋅T −1. [1]
The magnetic moment of the proton was discovered in 1933 by Otto Stern, Otto Robert Frisch and Immanuel Estermann at the University of Hamburg. [15] [16] [17] The proton's magnetic moment was determined by measuring the deflection of a beam of molecular hydrogen by a magnetic field. [18] Stern won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1943 for this ...
the intrinsic moment of the proton. Similarly, the magnetic moment of a bar magnet is the sum of the contributing magnetic moments, which include the intrinsic and orbital magnetic moments of the unpaired electrons of the magnet's material and the nuclear magnetic moments.
Objects with a magnetic moment also have angular momentum and effective internal electric current proportional to their angular momentum; these include electrons, protons, other fermions, many atomic and nuclear systems, as well as classical macroscopic systems. The external magnetic field exerts a torque on the magnetic moment,
The magnetic moment, also called magnetic dipole moment, is a measure of the strength of a magnetic source. The "Dirac" magnetic moment, corresponding to tree-level Feynman diagrams (which can be thought of as the classical result), can be calculated from the Dirac equation. It is usually expressed in terms of the g-factor; the Dirac equation ...
A more accurate approach is to take into account that the operator of the magnetic moment of an electron is a sum of the contributions of the orbital angular momentum and the spin angular momentum, with each multiplied by the appropriate gyromagnetic ratio: = (+), where =, and (the anomalous gyromagnetic ratio, deviating from 2 due to the ...
The measurement of neutrino magnetic moments is an active area of research. Experimental results have put the neutrino magnetic moment at less than 1.2 × 10 −10 times the electron's magnetic moment. On the other hand, elementary particles with spin but without electric charge, such as the photon and Z boson, do not have a magnetic moment.
A loop of electric current, a bar magnet, an electron, a molecule, and a planet all have magnetic moments. More precisely, the term magnetic moment normally refers to a system's magnetic dipole moment, which produces the first term in the multipole expansion [note 1] of a general magnetic field. Both the torque and force exerted on a magnet by ...