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Ants of this genus are popularly known as bulldog ants, bull ants, or jack jumper ants due to their ferocity and the way they hang off their victims using their mandibles, and also due to the jumping behaviour displayed by some species. [6] Other common names include "inch ants", "sergeant ants", and "soldier ants".
Regarded as a relatively "primitive" ant species, red bull ants are known to be solitary predators that are occasionally uncooperative with one another, whose social behaviour is poorly developed in comparison to more "advanced" species. They are notoriously aggressive hunters able to subdue formidable prey such as bees and other ants
The jack jumper ant (Myrmecia pilosula), also known as the jack jumper, jumping jack, hopper ant, or jumper ant, is a species of venomous ant native to Australia.Most frequently found in Tasmania and southeast mainland Australia, it is a member of the genus Myrmecia, subfamily Myrmeciinae, and was formally described and named by British entomologist Frederick Smith in 1858.
Most ant species will send individual scouts to find food sources and later recruit others from the colony to help; however, army ants dispatch a cooperative, leaderless group of foragers to detect and overwhelm the prey at once. [3] [5] Army ants do not have a permanent nest but instead form many bivouacs as they travel.
The inchman is the most venomous of the bulldog ants, ranging from about 15 to 25 mm (0.6 to 1.0 in) long, but less aggressive than the Jack jumper ant. These ants are purplish-brown, with a black abdomen. Their large size gave them their name, although most are slightly smaller than the traditional inch (25.4 mm).
Bulldog ants are known for being aggressive and defensive of nests, and sting and use their mandibles to fight off attackers. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 6 ] Myrmecia esuriens is closely related to M. pilosula , the venomous jack jumper ant , the sting of which is known to be deadly to humans sensitive or allergic to the venom.
Myrmecia pavida is a bull ant species that lives in and is native to Australia. Described by John S. Clark in 1951, the Myrmecia Pavida is distributed and has been mainly collected from the states of Western Australia and South Australia. [2] The average length of a worker is 19-22 millimeters. Queens are larger at over 25 millimeters in length.
The genus Myrmecia, or "bulldog ants", is known from Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia, and Nothomyrmecia, with the single species Nothomyrmecia macrops, is known from Australia. [30] Myrmecia gulosa: Myrmicinae Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 140: 35: Myrmica Latreille, 1804: The largest subfamily of ants, distributed worldwide.